Gine-gine masu jure girgizar kasa - fadakarwa daga girgizar kasar Siriya Türkiye
Rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai na baya-bayan nan na cewa, girgizar kasar da ta afku a Turkiyya ta kashe mutane sama da 7700 a Turkiyya da Siriya.Manyan gine-gine, asibitoci, makarantu da hanyoyi a wurare da dama sun lalace sosai.Kasashe sun aika da taimako a jere.Har ila yau, kasar Sin tana aikewa da tawagogin agaji zuwa wurin da abin ya faru.
Gine-ginen gine-ginen da ke da alaƙa da rayuwar ɗan adam ne.Manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa asarar rayuka a girgizar kasa su ne rugujewa, rugujewa da kuma lalata saman gine-gine da gine-gine.
Gine-ginen da girgizar kasa ta lalata
Girgizar kasar ta haifar da rugujewa da rugujewar gine-gine da injiniyoyi daban-daban, sannan ta yi hasarar dimbin rayuka da dukiyoyin kasa da jama'a da ba za a iya kirguwa ba.Ayyukan girgizar ƙasa na gine-gine yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin rayuka da dukiyoyin mutane.
Cutar da girgizar kasa ta haifar tana da muni.Akwai misalai da yawa na mummunar lalacewar gine-gine da girgizar ƙasa ta haddasa a tarihi——
"Kusan kashi 100% na ginin bene mai hawa 9 tare da ginshiƙan da aka riga aka keɓance da aka ƙarfafa tsarin siminti a Lenin Nakan ya rushe."
-- Girgizar kasar Armeniya mai karfin awo 7.0 a shekarar 1988
Girgizar kasar ta yi sanadin rushewar gidaje 90000 da gine-ginen kasuwanci 4000, sannan gidaje 69000 sun lalace ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
--1990 Girgizar Iran tare da girman 7.7
"Fiye da gine-gine 20000 a yankin gaba daya girgizar kasar sun lalace, wadanda suka hada da asibitoci, makarantu da gine-ginen ofis."
-- girgizar kasa ta Turkiyya M6.8 a 1992
"A cikin wannan girgizar kasa, gine-gine 18000 sun lalace kuma gidaje 12000 sun lalace gaba daya."
--1995 Tsakar KeBevake tare da girma 7.2 cikin Hyogo, Japan
"A yankin Lavalakot na Kashmir da ke karkashin Pakistan, gidaje da dama sun ruguje a girgizar kasar, kuma kauyuka da dama sun lalace gaba daya."
Girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.8 a Pakistan a shekarar 2005
Wadanne gine-ginen da suka shahara wajen jure girgizar kasa a duniya?Shin za a iya yada gine-ginen da ke jure girgizar kasar nan gaba?
1. Filin jirgin saman Istanbul Ataturk
Mahimman kalmomi: # Keɓewar pendulum juzu'i uku#
>>> Bayanin gini:
LEED Gold Certified Building, mafi girmaLEED bokan ginia duniya.An tsara wannan gini mai murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 2 a hankali kuma ana iya amfani da shi sosai nan da nan bayan bala'in.Yana amfani da keɓantaccen jijjiga pendulum jijjiga sau uku don taimakawa ginin kar ya ruguje yayin girgizar ƙasa.
2.Utah State Capitol
Mahimman kalmomi: # keɓewar roba #
>>> Bayanin gini:
Jihar Utah Capitol yana da rauni ga girgizar ƙasa, kuma ya shigar da nasa tsarin keɓewar tushe, wanda aka kammala a cikin 2007.
Tsarin keɓewa na tushe ya haɗa da cewa an sanya ginin a kan hanyar sadarwa na keɓancewa na 280 da aka yi da roba mai laushi akan harsashin ginin.Wadannan ramukan roba na gubar suna makale da ginin da kafuwarsa tare da taimakon farantin karfe.
A yayin da girgizar kasa ta faru, waɗannan keɓancewar keɓaɓɓu suna tsaye a tsaye maimakon a kwance, suna ba da damar ginin ya girgiza baya da baya kadan, ta haka yana motsa harsashin ginin, amma ba ya motsa harsashin ginin.
3. Taipei International Financial Center (Gina 101)
Mahimman kalmomi: # mai daɗaɗɗen taro#
>>> Bayanin gini:
Ginin Taipei 101, wanda aka fi sani da Taipei 101 da Ginin Kuɗi na Taipei, yana gundumar Xinyi, Taiwan, birnin China, lardin Taiwan na kasar Sin.
Tulin ginin ginin Taipei 101 ya ƙunshi siminti 382 da aka ƙarfafa, kuma gefen ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai 8 da aka ƙarfafa.An saita dampers masu daidaitawa a cikin ginin.
Lokacin da girgizar ƙasa ta faru, babban damper ɗin yana aiki azaman pendulum don motsawa zuwa akasin ginin ginin, don haka ya ba da ƙarfi da tasirin girgizar ƙasa da guguwa.
Sauran shahararrun gine-ginen asismic
Hasumiyar girgizar ƙasa ta Japan, Hasumiyar katako ta Yingxian ta China
Khalifa, Dubai, Citi Center
4.Citigroup Center
Daga cikin dukkanin gine-ginen, "Hedkwatar Citigroup" tana jagorantar yin amfani da tsarin don ƙara zaman lafiyar ginin - "tuned mass damper".
5.Amurka: Ginin Kwallo
Amurka ta gina wani nau'in "gini na ball", kamar ginin masana'antar lantarki da aka gina kwanan nan a Silicon Valley.Ana shigar da ƙwallan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin kowane ginshiƙi ko bangon ginin, kuma duk ginin yana goyan bayan ƙwallaye.Ƙarfe na crisscross karfe yana gyara ginin da tushe sosai.Lokacin da girgizar ƙasa ta faru, katakon ƙarfe na roba za su faɗaɗa kai tsaye kuma su yi kwangila, don haka ginin zai ɗan zame baya da gaba akan ƙwallon, Zai iya rage ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa sosai.
7.Japan: babban gini anti-seismic
Wani gida da Daikyo Corp ya gina, wanda ke ikirarin shi ne mafi tsayi a Japan, yana amfani da 168karfe bututu, daidai da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta New York, don tabbatar da ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa.Bugu da kari, gidan kuma yana amfani da tsayayyen tsarin jiki mai jure girgizar kasa.A wata girgizar kasa mai girman girgizar kasa ta Hanshin, wani tsari mai sassauƙa yana girgiza kusan mita 1, yayin da tsayayyen tsari yana girgiza santimita 30 kacal.Mitsui Fudosan yana siyar da wani gida mai tsayin mita 93, wanda ba zai hana girgizar kasa ba a gundumar Sugimoto da ke Tokyo.Wurin da ke kewayen ginin an yi shi ne da sabon robar da aka ƙera mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi 16, kuma ɓangaren tsakiyar ginin an yi shi ne da roba mai laushi daga tsarin roba na halitta.Ta wannan hanyar, idan girgizar ƙasa mai girma ta 6 ta faru, ana iya rage ƙarfin ginin da rabi.Mitsui Fudosan ya sanya irin waɗannan gine-gine 40 a kasuwa a cikin 2000.
8.Gini mai roba
Kasar Japan, yankin da ke fama da girgizar kasa, shi ma yana da kwarewa ta musamman a wannan yanki.Sun ƙirƙira "ginin roba" tare da kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa.Japan ta gina sassa 12 masu sassauƙa a Tokyo.An gwada ta da girgizar kasa mai karfin maki 6.6 da aka yi a Tokyo, ta tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen rage bala'in girgizar kasa.Irin wannan ginin na roba an gina shi akan keɓewar jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi laminated roba rigid rukunin farantin karfe da damper.Tsarin ginin ba ya tuntuɓar ƙasa kai tsaye.Damper ɗin ya ƙunshi faranti na karkace na ƙarfe don rage sama da ƙasa.
9.Mai iyo anti-seismic wurin zama
Wannan katafaren "kwallon kafa" wani gida ne mai suna Barier wanda Kimido House ya yi a Japan.Yana iya tsayayya da girgizar ƙasa kuma ya yi iyo a kan ruwa.Farashin wannan gida na musamman kusan yen 1390000 (kimanin yuan 100000).
10.Tsarin "gidaje masu jure girgizar ƙasa"
Wani kamfani na kasar Japan ya ƙera wani "gidan da ke jure girgizar ƙasa" mai arha, wanda duk an yi shi da itace, wanda ke da mafi ƙarancin yanki na murabba'in murabba'in mita 2 da farashin dala 2000.Yana iya tashi lokacin da babban gidan ya ruguje, kuma yana iya jure tasiri da fitar da ginin da ya ruguje, da kare rayuka da dukiyoyin mazauna gidan.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Har ila yau, ana amfani da adadi mai yawa na wasu matakan fasaha a cikin tsoffin gine-ginen gargajiya na kasar Sin, wadanda su ne mabuɗin jure girgizar ƙasa na tsoffin gine-gine.Rushewar haɗin gwiwa da ƙwanƙwasa ƙirƙira ce sosai.Kakanninmu sun fara amfani da shi a farkon shekaru 7000 da suka wuce.Irin wannan hanyar haɗa abubuwa ba tare da ƙusoshi ba ya sa tsarin katako na gargajiya na kasar Sin ya zama wani tsari na musamman mai sassauƙa wanda ya zarce lankwasa, firam ko tsayayyen firam na gine-gine na zamani.Ba zai iya ɗaukar babban nauyi kawai ba, amma kuma yana ba da izinin wani nau'i na nakasawa, da kuma sha wani adadin kuzari ta hanyar nakasawa ƙarƙashin nauyin girgizar ƙasa, Rage martanin girgizar ƙasa na gine-gine.
Takaitaccen bayani
Kula da zabin wurin
Ba za a iya gina gine-gine a kan kurakurai masu aiki ba, tarkace mai laushi da ƙasa mai cike da wucin gadi.
Za a tsara shi bisa ga buƙatun ƙarfafa girgizar ƙasa
Tsarin injiniya waɗanda ba su cika buƙatun don kariyar girgizar ƙasa ba za su lalace sosai a ƙarƙashin aikin lodin girgizar ƙasa (dakaru).
Tsarin girgizar ƙasa ya kamata ya zama mai ma'ana
Lokacin da aka ƙera ginin, ƙananan bangon ɓangaren ƙasa a ƙasa, sarari mai yawa, ko ginin bulo mai hawa da yawa ba zai ƙara ginshiƙan zobe da ginshiƙan tsarin kamar yadda ake buƙata ba, ko kuma baya ƙira gwargwadon tsayin tsayi, da sauransu. ya sa ginin ya karkata ya ruguje a wata girgizar kasa mai karfi.
Ƙin "aikin ragowar wake"
Za a gina gine-gine bisa ga ka'idojin kariyar girgizar kasa kuma a gina su bisa ka'ida.
A karshe editan ya ce
Tare da ci gaban zamani da ci gaban wayewa, bala'o'i na iya haɓaka haɓaka fasahar gini.Ko da yake wasu gine-ginen kamar suna sa mutane dariya, a gaskiya ma, kowane nau'in gine-gine suna da nasu tsarin zane na musamman.Lokacin da muka ji amincin da gine-gine ya kawo, ya kamata mu mutunta ra'ayoyin masu zanen gine-gine.
Yuantai Derun Karfe Manufacturing Group yana shirye don yin aiki tare da masu zanen kaya da injiniyoyi daga ko'ina cikin duniya don gina ayyukan gine-gine da yunƙurin zama masana'anta na kowane zagaye.tsarin karfe bututu.
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Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-08-2023
