Whakautu Tere: He pai rawa te paipa JCOE LSAW mō ngā mahi pakitara taumaha ritenga nā te mea he ngāwari te hanga, he tika ngā ine, ā, he pono te kounga whakarewa. He rerekē ki te hanga UOE tuku iho, ka taea e JCOE te whakahaere pai i ngā diameter ritenga, ngā matotoru pakitara, me ngā rahinga e hangai ana ki te kaupapa, ā, he otinga whai hua mō ngā hanganga taiwhenua, ngā paipa hiko, me ngā kaupapa hanga taumaha.
Rārangi Kaupapa
- 1. He aha te paipa JCOE LSAW?
- 2. Paipa JCOE me te Paipa UOE: Whakataurite Tukanga
- 3. Kei hea ngā Paipa JCOE LSAW e Whakamahia ana?
- 4. Me pēhea te hanga i te paipa LSAW? Te hanga JCOE taahiraa i te taahiraa
- 5. Tauira Wehenga Utu: He Ota LSAW JCOE Ritenga 75-Tana
- 6. Tirotiro Paipa LSAW: Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau UT vs RT
- 7. Te Kōhanga Paipa: Me pēhea te Whakaiti i te Utu Moana i runga i ngā Tukunga LSAW
- 8. Rārangi Arowhai RFQ Paipa LSAW Ritenga
- 9. Ngā Pātai Auau
- 10. Whakamutunga
1. He aha te paipa JCOE LSAW?
Paipa JCOE LSAWHe paipa rino whakarewa ā-roto i raro i te pewa roa i hangaia mā te hanga haere i tētahi pereti rino papatahi hei āhua porotaka mā roto i te raupapa JCO, ā, muri iho ka whakawhanuihia te roa-katoa. He rerekē ki te paipa whakarewa porowhita, he hononga whakarewa kotahi te paipa LSAW, he pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te pono o te hanganga.
I roto i ngā hanganga tai moana, ngā paipa hiko, me ngā kaupapa hanga taumaha, he maha ngā wā kāore e ranea ngā rahi paipa paerewa. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia e ngā miihini he diameter o waho kua whakaritea, he matotoru pakitara taumaha, he tohu maitai motuhake, he whakaritenga tirotiro motuhake rānei. Mō ēnei ota kaupapa, ka iti ake te ngāwari o te hanga UOE nui nā te mea he nui te rahinga o te tauira hanga.
Mā te hanga JCOE ka nui ake te ngāwari mō ngā rahinga kua whakaritea me ngā puranga whakaputa iti ake, me te pupuri tonu i ngā whakaritenga kounga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono nui. Ka whakamahia e Yuantai Derun te hangarau JCOE mō ngā kaupapa paipa whānui me ngā pakitara taumaha, hei tautoko i ngā tono i roto i te hanganga, te pūngao, me te hangarau hanganga.
2. Paipa JCOE me te Paipa UOE: Whakataurite Tukanga
I mua i te whakarāpopototanga, he mea pai kia kite i te hononga o ngā tukanga matua e whā ki ngā mea e rua e tino arohia ana e ngā kaihoko: te āhua o te ota ka taea e rātou te mahi, me te iti o te ota ka whakaaetia e rātou.
| Ripanga 1 — Te whakataurite i te tukanga hanga me te ngāwari arumoni | ||||
| Āhuatanga Hangarau me te Arumoni | Tukanga JCOE (LSAW) | Tukanga UOE (LSAW) | Tukanga ERW | SSAW (Pōroiti) |
| Tikanga Hanga | Piko haere whakamua-i-te-taahiraa (JCOE) | Tā-U mahi-kotahi + pēhi-O | Te hanga-pōro makariri tonu | Piko tonu te porowhita porowhita |
| Whirihoranga Tuitui | Tuitui kotahi te roa, tika, | Tuitui kotahi te roa, tika, | Tuitui kotahi te roa, tika, | Tuitui porowhita tonu |
| Diameter o Waho (OD) | 406 mm – 1422 mm (16″ – 56″) | 508 mm – 1422 mm (20″ – 56″) | 21.3 mm – 610 mm (1/2″ – 24″) | 219 mm – 3048 mm (8″ – 120″) |
| Te Matotoru o te Pakitara Mōrahi (WT) | Tae atu ki te 50 mm+ (taumaha / tino taumaha) | Kua arotauhia mō ngā paipa tuku hiko pakitara taumaha nui te rahinga (ka rerekē te kaha i runga i te mira) | I te nuinga o te wā < 20 mm | I te nuinga o te wā < 25 mm |
| Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakamahi Taputapu | Ngā mate pēhi whānui (ngāwari) | Ngā huinga mate pakari motuhake | Ngā huinga rōra rahi pumau | Ngā pane hanga koki whakarerekē |
| MOQ Ōhanga | Kaupapa-ā-kaupapa; he maha ngā wā e tika ana mō ngā puranga iti ake i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te mira | 1,000 – 2,000+ Tana | 100+ Tana (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te koiri) | 100+ Tana |
| Taumata Taumahatanga Toenga | He tino iti i muri i te whakawhanuitanga roa-katoa | Iti (whakawhanuihia ā-mīhini) | Kei runga i te tikanga hanga me te maimoatanga wera | Teitei (te ahotea porowhita matatini) |
Te whakaaro a te miihini:He pai te ERW mō ngā rārangi pakitara angiangi paerewa, ā,SHe whānui te whakamahinga o te SAW mō ngā mahi whānui-rahi ina whakaaetia ngā whakaritenga whakarewa porowhita me ngā whakaritenga kaupapa. EngariKo te JCOE LSAW te tukanga e hanga ana i tētahi paipa OD ritenga, he paipa pakitara-mātotoru (hei tauira, OD 720 mm × WT 38 mm) i roto i ngā puranga kaupapa iti ake.me te kore e whakaoho i te whiu whakawhiti taputapu rima-mati. (Tirohia tā mātou ruku hohonu ki rotoLSAW vs. SSAW vs. Tuituikore.)
3. Kei hea ngā Paipa JCOE LSAW e Whakamahia ana?
Nā te mea ka taea e JCOE te whakahaere i ngā diameter kore paerewa me ngā pakitara taumaha i roto i ngā rahi puranga ka taea te whakahaere, ka puta mai i ngā wāhi katoa e hiahia ana te maitai hanganga ki te hononga roa tika, kua whakamanahia. Ko ngā whakamahinga mutunga tino noa:
- Ngā monopile hau tai moana me ngā wahi whakawhiti.Ka eke te whānui o ngā monopiles ki te 8–12 m, ā, me rite te matotoru me te porowhita o te pakitara; ka taea e JCOE te whakamahi i te āhuahanga tika me te kore e herea ki te tauine UOE.
- Ngā hanganga koti me ngā papaaho tai moana.Ko ngā wāhanga waewae, ngā tautoko, me ngā kaiārahi arataki e hiahia ana kia whakamahia he paipa pakitara matotoru me te manawanui pakupaku — ko te whānuitanga tonu o JCOE.
- Ngā raina tuku hinu me te hau.Mō ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana ki tētahi WT ritenga, ki tētahi tohu motuhake rānei e tata ana ki tētahi hononga, ka whakarato a JCOE i te wahi kāore e taea e te mira porowhita.
- Ngā pou hanganga taumaha.Ka whakamahia ngā wāhanga tapawhā nui me ngā wāhanga porowhita tuwhera i ngā tuanui o ngā papa tākaro, ngā whare whakaaturanga, me ngā anga ahumahi, ā, he mea nui ake te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga i te rōrahi.
I ia wā, kāore te kaihoko e hoko ana i te tana iti rawa te utu — me whai paipa rātou e rite ana ki te tuhi, ā, ka paahitia te tirotiro i te wā tuatahi. Koinei te āputa e whakakīia ana e JCOE.
4. Me pēhea te hanga i te paipa LSAW? Te hanga JCOE taahiraa i te taahiraa
Te ingoaJCOEe whakaahua ana i te raupapatanga ā-pūkaha e whakamahia ana hei hanga i tētahi pereti maitai taumaha:
Pereti Rino → Piko-J → Piko-C → Piko-O → Whakarewa ID/OD SAW → Hipanga E (Whānuitanga)
Ka pikohia te pereti e ngā mate pēhi whānui i ia taahiraa (J → C → O) — kāore he taputapu motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō ia rahi.
- Te piko-mua o te taha:Mā te whakapiko ā-ringa ka hangaia ngā taha o te pereti ki te pūtoro ūnga, ka tangohia ngā wāhi papatahi e tata ana ki te tuitui.
- Te piko-J:Ka piko haere te mīhini pēhi waipēhi whānui i tetahi taha kia hanga he kōtaha "J".
- Piko-C:Ka pēhia te taha ke i ia taahiraa ki roto i te "C" tuwhera.
- Piko-O:Ka katia te pereti e te mīhini perehi kia puta he "O" tuwhera, kia whakarārangihia ai ngā taha mō te whakarewanga pewa-uru.
- Te Whakarewa Āwhata Ruku (SAW):Ka honoa te hononga e ngā waea maha o roto (ID) me waho (OD). Ka akiakihia te hononga hohonu e te wera nui, ā, ka tahuna ngā poke pea.
Te Hipanga Whakawhanui (E): Whakawhanuitanga Matao Ā-ringa Roa-katoa
Ko te "E" whakamutunga ko te whakawhanui. Ka haere te pane whakawhanui waipēhi maha-wāhanga puta noa i te roanga o roto o te paipa, ka whakawhanuitia mai i te pito ki te pito. Koinei te taahiraa e wehewehe ana i te JCOE mai i ngā toa piko pereti māmā.
[ Paipa whakarewa kāore i whakawhanuitia ] → [ Upoko whakawhanui waipēhi ā-roto ] → [Te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o ngā āhuatanga me te porowhita]
Mā te whānui ā-pūkaha roa-katoa ka whakaiti i te ahotea toenga, ka mau hoki te porowhita me te tika puta noa i te paipa katoa.
- Te whakamamae i te ahotea toenga:Mā te hanga me te whakarewa maha-haere ka waiho te ahotea ā-pūkaha me te ahotea wera ā-rohe. Mā te whakawhānui makariri ka paku neke atu te maitai i tōna pūwāhi pīngore, ka whakamama i te ahotea toenga me te whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga me te ōritetanga o te mahi whakarewa.
- Te whakarite i te taunga o te mara:Mā te whānui ka meinga te paipa kia porowhita rawa (porowhita) me te tika. Ko ngā pito paipa ma ka uru ki te wāhi mahi, kaua ki te wā whakatārewatanga me te whakahāngai.
5. Tauira Wehenga Utu: He Ota LSAW JCOE Ritenga 75-Tana
Kia mōhio: He whakaahua noa iho ngā tatauranga kei raro nei, i ahu mai i tētahi puranga ritenga 75-tana. Ko te utu tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga maitai, ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete, me ngā incoterms. E tohaina ana ēnei hei whakaatu i te hanganga utu, ehara i te mea he whakatau utu.
Ka pātai tonu mai ngā kaihoko ki a mātou:"He aha i teitei ake ai te utu mō ia tana mō tētahi ota JCOE iti-papanga i tō tētahi ota papatipu paerewa?"He mārama te whakautu ponoTauira utu "Papa e Toru":
Te Utu Katoa mō ngā Paipa Ritenga = [ Papa Whakatū me te Papa Taputapu ] + [ Papa Rauemi ] + [ Papa NRE me te Papa Tirotiro ]
Tauira mahi: te tohatoha utu kaupapa
Whakaritenga:Paipa API 5L PSL2 X65Q LSAW, OD 610 mm × WT 32 mm (pakitara taumaha ritenga).
Rōrahi:75 tāne mita (≈ 165 mita / 14 te roa o te 11.8 m).
| Ripanga 2 — Te tohatoha utu ota ritenga 75-tana me te whakahekenga ine (whakaahua) | |||
| Wāhanga Utu | Te Utu Katoa o te Raina (USD) | Utu Wāhanga (USD/Tana) | Ngā Tikanga Whakaiti Moni |
| Pereti Rino Mata (X65Q) | $89,200 | $1190 / Tōna | Ko te utu o te pereti turanga ($1,100/t) i whakatikatikaina mō te ~7.5% o te ngaronga hua (te tapahi i te pito o te paipa, te whakapiko, me te whakamātautau tauira). |
| Te Tatūnga me te Whakatikatika Raina | $4,500 | $60 / Tana | Te whakatūnga taputapu pēhi JCOE motuhake, te whakatikatika i te aroturuki tuitui, me ngā pereti piko-whakamātautau. |
| Ngā Mea Whakapau Whakarewa SAW | $6,000 | $80/ Tōna | Waea pakari-teitei maha-haerenga, rerenga taketake, me te pūngao wera o mua-te-wera/muri-te-whakapiri. |
| Whakamātautau Wai me te Whakawhanui Hipanga-E | $3,750 | $50 / Tana | Whakawhanui ā-mīhini roa-katoa (Hipanga-E) + 100% pupuri whakamātautau waipū SMYS. |
| 100% AUT + Paipa-Mutunga RT | $4,500 | $60 / Tōna | 100% AUT tinana-katoa, RT/UT pito-paipa, + whakamātautau tohu MTR 3.1 (DWTT/Charpy/HIC mēnā e hiahiatia ana). |
| Te Utu Whakaputa Katoa | $108,000 | $1,440 / Tōna | He utu mārama mō te oma poto ritenga 75-tana. |
Te tirohanga tauine: Panahia te ota mai i te 75→300 tāne, ā, ka heke te utu o te $4,500 pumau mai i te $60/tāne ki te $15/tāne. I te whakakotahitanga me ngā pikinga iti o te whai huatanga i roto i te tapahi pereti me te whakarewa tonu, ka heke te utu mō ia wae mai i te $1,440/tāne ki te $1,385/tāne.—he taunakitanga ko te "moni" i runga i ngā oma ritenga e peia ana e te whakahekenga utu pumau, ehara i te mea ko ngā tawhē hua kua whakanuia.
6. Tirotiro Paipa LSAW: Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau UT vs RT
Ka tautohetohe tonu ngā tīma hokohoko mō te whakahaeree ruaHe mea tika te Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) me te Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT) i runga i te hononga roa, he utu tāruarua noa iho rānei. Ko te putanga poto: ka kitea e rāua ngā momo hapa rerekē, nō reira he tautoko, ehara i te mea he mea tāpiri.
| Ripanga 3 — Mahere tirotiro NDT tāpiri | ||
| Āhuatanga Tirotiro | Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT / AUT) | Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT / X-Ray) |
| Tikanga Ā-tinana | Ngā whakamātautau orooro ngaru-kutikuti (2.25 – 5 MHz) | Te irahiko hihi-X whakakoiora |
| Whāinga Koha Matua | Ngā hapa papatahi: te korenga o te hanumitanga o te pakitara taha, ngā kapiti poutū | Ngā hapa rōrahi: te porosity hau, ngā whakaurunga para |
| Te Tirohanga Hōhonu | Teitei — e tohu ana i te hohonutanga tika o te pakitara taumaha | Kāore — whakaaturanga atarangi 2D mai runga ki raro |
| Tere Tirotiro | Matawai aunoa ā-roto tere-teitei (100% te roa o te tuitui) | Whakamātautau tuimotu puhoi ake (ngā rohe mārama mō te haumaru irahiko) |
| Ngā tuhinga | Ngā rangitaki matihiko hiko (A-scan / C-scan) | Kiriata hihi-X tuturu, whakaahua matihiko rānei |
Ka matawaihia e te UT aunoa te 100% o te roa o te tuitui; ka manatokohia e te RT kua arotahihia ngā tohu koretake i ngā pito o te paipa.
He aha te take e taea ai e te whakarewa te whiti i te UT engari te rahua i te RT (me te taha whakamuri)
He maha ngā pātai ka tae mai ki a mātou:"Ka taea e te hapa o te paipa LSAW te whiti i te UT engari ka rahua te RT?"
Āe.Mā te porosity o te tautau iti, te para marara rānei, ka taea e ngā ngaru oro te haere me te iti o te whakaata (ka hipa i te UT) engari ka kitea mārama hei āputa i runga i te kiriata hihi-X (ka kore e tutuki te RT). Hurihia: ko te kapiti taha poutū piripono e whakarara ana ki te hihi hihi-X, kāore pea e puta he atarangi e kitea ana (ka hipa i te RT) engari ka whakaata tika i te hihi ultrasonic ki te transducer (ka kore e tutuki te UT). Te tautuhiAPI 5L PSL2i te nuinga o te wā ka hiahiatia te matawai roa-katoa a te AUT me te manatoko ira RT, nā te mea he tino pakari ake ngā tumanakohanga mō te pono o te whakarewa i roto i te paerewa.EN 10219he rerekē, ko ngā kaupapa e whai ana i te akomanga tirotiro me ngā whakaritenga a te kaihoko kua tuhia ki roto i te ota hoko — e hiahia ana pea, kāore rānei, i te whakakotahitanga kotahi. (Tā mātou100% te pono o te whakarewa NDTe kapi ana te wāhanga me pēhea te tohu tika i tētahi.)
7Te Kōhanga Paipa: Me pēhea te Whakaiti i te Utauta Moana i runga i ngā Tukunga LSAW
Ko te utanga moana mō ngā paipa whānui-rahi ka peia e te utangarōrahi, ehara i te taumaha. Nā te mea ka hangaia e JCOE ngā roa me ngā diameter ritenga, ka taea e koe te whakarite i te tuku kia whakaitihia te utu uta mō ia mita.
[ Kōhanga paipa / whāiti haere ] → paipa OD iti ake i roto i te paipa OD nui ake = kore rōrahi tāpiri
[ Te arotautanga ipu ] → ngā roa ritenga (5.8 m / 11.8 m) = 100% te hua o te rōrahi ipu
Mā te whakawhānui i te tirohanga o tētahi paipa OD iti ki roto i tētahi paipa nui ake, ka penapenahia he wāhi wātea hei utanga.
Tauira penapena whai hua: te whakawhāiti i ngā paipa hanganga
Paipa o waho:OD 1016 mm × WT 25 mm LSAW (100 Tana)
Paipa o roto:OD 711 mm × WT 16 mm LSAW (70 Tana)
| Ripanga 5 — Whakataurite i ngā utu utanga moana (paerewa me te kōpuku) | |||||
| Tikanga Tukunga | Utauta Katoa | Te Rahi Utauta (CBM) | Reiti (/CBM) | Utauta Moana Katoa | Utauta / Tōna |
| Tukunga Utauta Motuhake | 170 Tana | 280 CBM | $85 / CBM | $23,800 | $140.00 / Tana |
| Tukunga Kōpae (Whakaata) | 170 Tana | 155 CBM | $85 / CBM | $13,175 | $77.50 / Tana |
| Ngā Penapena Kupenga i Tukuna | — | −125 CBM | — | −$10,625 | 44.6% te whakahekenga |
Ka taea hoki te tapahi i ngā roa JCOE ritenga ki ngā rahi e tika ana mō ngā ipu (11.8 m mō ngā pouaka 40HQ) mā te whakamahi i ngā āputa tiaki — ka nui ake te wāhi e puta mai ana, me te pupuri hoki i ngā paipa kia kaua e pā i te wā e kawe ana.
8Rārangi Arowhai RFQ Paipa LSAW Ritenga
Hei karo i ngā raruraru whakawhitiwhiti kōrero noa i te wā e whakarite ana i te RFQ, me te tiki i tētahi whakatau utu tika mō tētahi ota LSAW ritenga, tirohia tēnei rārangi arowhai:
- Ngā āhuatanga ā-rahi:Tautuhia te OD tika × te WT tika i roto i ngā mirimita (hei tauira, 610 mm × 32 mm). Āta karohia ngā karangatanga NPS/Whakarārangi koretake i runga i ngā tūemi pakitara taumaha.
- Te kounga rauemi me te āhua tuku:Whakaingoatia te tohu me te āhua (hei tauira, API 5L PSL2 X65Q kua tinei/kua whakamahanatia, EN 10219 S355J2H kua whakahāngaihia rānei).
- Whakamātautau me te tiwhikete:Te kapinga NDT whakahau (100% matawai hononga AUT + RT pito-paipa) me te taumata tiwhikete (MTC 3.1, MTC 3.2 rānei kaiwhakaatu tuatoru nā SGS / Lloyd's).
- Te whakarite me te roa o te mutunga:Te koki piko (30° – 35° mō te taunga o te mara) me ngā roa o te ūnga (11.8 m ±10 mm mō te hua o te ipu).
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Ka hangaia e JCOE LSAW ngā paipa OD, pakitara-mātotoru ritenga (tae atu ki te 50 mm WT) i roto i ngā puranga kaupapa iti ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana e te mira UOE.
- Mā te whakawhanuitanga makariri roa-katoa (Hipanga E) ka whakaiti i te ahotea toenga, ā, ka whakarite kia tau te mahi ki te mara — ka iti ake ngā whakaroa whakarewa.
- Mō ngā tono paipa nui o te API 5L PSL2, ka taea te whakarite i te whakamātautau ultrasonic aunoa me te whakamātautau radiographic tāpiri i runga i te whakatakotoranga e tika ana me ngā whakaritenga a te kaihoko; ka whai ngā kaupapa EN 10219 i tā rātou akomanga tirotiro kua tohua.
- Ka taea e te kōhanga paipa te whakaiti i te utanga moana ~45% mā te tuku i ngā paipa OD iti ki roto i ngā paipa OD nui ake.
9Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
Q1: He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te hanga paipa UOE me te JCOE LSAW?
Kei roto i te tikanga hanga te rerekētanga. Ka whakamahia e te UOE ngā mate pūmau mahi-kotahi hei pēhi i ngā pereti katoa ki ngā āhua U me O, nō reira me nui ngā oma hei utu i ngā whakawhiti mate. Ka whakamahia e te JCOE ngā mate pēhi whānui hei whakapiko haere i ngā pereti (J → C → O), ka taea ai ngā whakaritenga ngāwari e tika ana mō ngā rahi ritenga me ngā puranga iti ake.
P2: He aha i teitei ake ai te utu mō ia tana mō ngā ota JCOE ritenga iti-puranga?
He utu pumau ngā puranga iti - te whakatikatika mīhini, te hanga pereti whakamātautau, te whakamātautau wai-pūmau, te whakatūnga NDT - kua horahia ki roto i ngā tana iti iho. Ka tāpirihia hoki e ngā mira maitai mata ngā utu iti-oma i raro i ō rātou paerewa iti rawa o te wera. He utu pumau ēnei, ehara i te moni tāpiri.
P3: Me pēhea te ārai i ngā raruraru whakarewa-marae mā te whakawhānui ā-mīhini (Hipanga E)?
Mā te whakawhanuitanga matao roa katoa ka akiakihia te paipa kia rite te whānui, kia porowhita (porowhita), kia tika hoki i tōna roanga katoa. Mā tēnā ka kore e hē te tūnga o ngā hononga i te wā e tāutahia ana, ka penapenahia te mahi a te kaiwhakarewa, ā, ka ārai i te pakaru o te tuitui.
Q4: Me whai UT me RT rānei ahau i te tuitui?
Mō te ratonga matua API 5L PSL2, āe te tikanga — ko te paerewa e hiahia ana kia rua ngā matawai roa-katoa o te AUT me te RT ira. Ka whai te mahi EN 10219 i te akomanga tirotiro kua tuhia ki roto i te ota hoko. Ka hopukina e te UT ngā hapa papatahi (ngā pakaru, te korenga o te hanumi) ā, ka homai te hohonutanga; ka hopukina e te RT ngā hapa rōrahi (te porosity, te para).
10Whakamutunga
Mā te tukanga JCOE ka honoa te āputa i waenga i te hanga papatipu nui me ngā hiahia hangarau kotahi. Mā te whakakotahi i te hanga ngāwari, te whakawhānui makariri roa-katoa, te whakahaere NDT-rua, me te arotautanga mahi, ka hoatu e JCOE ki ngā kaupapa LSAW pakitara-taumaha ritenga he ara pono, he whai hua hoki - me te kore e hiahiatia he tatau nui e rite ana ki te mira UOE.
Mō ngā kaihoko EPC e paunatia anaLSAW vs. SSAW vs. Tuituikore, e whakamahere ana rānei i ngā kaupapa hau-moana me ngā kaupapa hanganga taumaha, ko te mahi whaihua ko te whakarite i tētahi RFQ mārama (whakamahia te rārangi arowhai i runga ake nei) ā, waiho mā ngā tau — kaua ko te kaupapa here MOQ a te mira — e whakatau.
Me hiahia koe ki ngā paipa LSAW ritenga mō ngā kaupapa takutai moana, ngā kaupapa hanganga rānei?
Kōrerohia mai tō OD, te matotoru o te pakitara, te kounga o te maitai, me ngā whakaritenga paerewa ki tā mātou tīma hangarau. Ka arotakehia e mātou te whaihua o te whakaputa i runga i tā mātou raina JCOE, ka whakahokia mai he otinga hangarau me te utu - ahakoa he ota hanganga, he wāhanga raina tuku whaimana rānei.
Tonoa he Tāpaetanga Hangarau →
Ko ngā whika e whakaatuhia ana e whakaata ana i te JCOE a Yuantai Derun/LSAWwheako whakaputa (API 5L PSL2/ EN 10219) ā, mō te tohutoro hanganga utu anake. I te mea kei te piki haere tonu ngā utu maitai me ngā utu uta, kia arotahi ki ngā au o te utu. Whakapā mai ki a mātou i ngā wā katoa mō tētahi whakatau utu tūturu, ritenga.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-06-2026
