Chiyambi
Ponena za kumanga nyumba zomangira nsanja zapamadzi, kusankha zipangizo zoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi chomwe chatchuka kwambiri ndi machubu a sikweya, makamaka omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku ASTM A-572 Giredi 50. Munkhaniyi, tifufuza ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito machubu a sikweya pa nyumba zomangira nsanja zapamadzi, kufufuza machubu achitsulo cha sitima ndi mitundu yachitsulo yomangira sitima, kukambirana za zipangizo zomangira sitima, kuunikira mapaipi a sitima ndi zomangira mapaipi a sitima, ndikupereka kumvetsetsa kwathunthu momwe machubu a sikweya amachitira gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga sitima.
Kodi machubu ozungulira ndi chiyani?
Machubu a square ndi magawo opangidwa ndi hole structural sections (HSS) omwe amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo a rectangle. Amapangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chitsulo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso mphamvu zawo.
Zipangizo: ASTM A-572 GRADE 50
Chimodzi mwa zipangizo zoyenera kwambiri pa zomangamanga za pulatifomu ya panyanja ndi ASTM A-572 Giredi 50. Zipangizozi zimadziwika ndi mphamvu zake zapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe kulimba ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka ASTM A-572 Giredi 50, monga mphamvu yokolola zambiri komanso kukana kukhudza bwino, zimaonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kofunikira m'malo a m'nyanja.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito machubu ozungulira pazipinda zapamadzi
Kugwiritsa ntchito machubu a sikweya m'mapangidwe a denga la pulatifomu ya m'nyanja kumapereka zabwino zingapo. Choyamba, kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake ndi mphamvu zomwe machubu a sikweya amapereka zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosankha zodalirika zopirira mikhalidwe yovuta ya m'nyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, machubu a sikweya sagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala nthawi yayitali komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera. Kuphatikiza apo, machubu a sikweya amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zosintha, zomwe zimathandiza opanga kuti azisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe kake.
Chubu chachitsulo chotumizira ndi magiredi achitsulo chomangira zombo
Pakupanga zombo, kusankha zipangizo zoyenera n'kofunika kwambiri kuti zombo za m'madzi zikhale zotetezeka komanso zogwira ntchito bwino. Machubu achitsulo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zombo, chifukwa amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kunyamula madzi ndi kupereka chithandizo cha kapangidwe kake. Magulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo chomanga zombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa machubu achitsulo chomanga zombo, ndipo chilichonse chimakhala ndi makhalidwe ndi mphamvu zake zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Zipangizo zomangira zombo za nyumba za m'madzi
Kupatula machubu achitsulo cha sitima, kupanga zombo kumafuna zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuti apange nyumba zodalirika komanso zolimba za m'madzi. Zipangizozi zikuphatikizapo zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri, zitsulo zotayidwa, zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, ndi zokutira zapamwamba. Zipangizo zilizonse zili ndi zinthu zinazake zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyumba yonse ya m'madzi igwire bwino ntchito.
Mapaipi oyendera sitima ndi zida zolumikizira mapaipi oyendera sitima
Mapaipi a sitima ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti sitima zapamadzi zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso zigwire ntchito bwino. Amagwira ntchito m'njira monga kupereka mafuta, kuyenda kwa madzi, komanso kusamalira zinyalala. Mapaipi a sitima ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi m'mapaipi a sitima. Mapaipi ndi mapaipi osankhidwa bwino komanso okhazikitsidwa bwino amatsimikizira chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a sitima zapamadzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito machubu apakati pomanga zombo
Machubu a sikweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zombo chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo apadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zinthu zomangira zombo, madeki, ndi zomangamanga. Machubu a sikweya amatha kupirira katundu wolemera, kupereka chithandizo chofunikira, komanso kuthandizira kuti sitimayo ikhale yolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, machubu a sikweya amapereka kusinthasintha pakupanga ndi kusinthasintha malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zomanga zombo.
Kulimba ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa machubu ozungulira
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito machubu ang'onoang'ono popanga zombo ndi kulimba kwawo komanso kukana dzimbiri. Malo okhala m'nyanja amachititsa kuti zomangamanga zikhale zovuta monga kukhudzana ndi madzi amchere komanso chinyezi. Machubu ang'onoang'ono opangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo monga ASTM A-572 Grade 50 apangidwa mwapadera kuti athe kupirira mikhalidwe yotereyi ndikusunga umphumphu wawo pakapita nthawi.
Mphamvu ndi umphumphu wa kapangidwe kake
Machubu a sikweya amapereka mphamvu zabwino kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pa zomangamanga za pa pulatifomu yapamadzi. Kapangidwe ka sikweya kamagawa katundu mofanana, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake. Kapangidwe kamphamvu kwambiri ka machubu a sikweya kamatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa nyumba zapamadzi, ngakhale pakakhala zovuta.
Zosankha zosiyanasiyana komanso zosintha
Ubwino wina wodziwika bwino wa machubu ang'onoang'ono ndi kusinthasintha kwawo komanso njira zawo zosinthira. Amatha kupangidwa mosavuta, kuwongoleredwa, komanso kupangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zinazake pakupanga. Machubu ang'onoang'ono amapatsa opanga ndi mainjiniya ufulu wopanga nyumba zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zokongola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumba za doko la nsanja yapamadzi zigwire bwino ntchito komanso kukongola.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama komanso kukhazikika
Kugwiritsa ntchito machubu ozungulira m'makoma a pulatifomu yapamadzi kumabweretsa phindu lotsika mtengo komanso lokhazikika. Kukhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kusasamalira kocheperako kwa machubu ozungulira kumathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga ASTM A-572 Giredi 50 kumatsimikizira kuti nyumbazo zikukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosawononga chilengedwe.
Mapeto
Pomaliza, machubu ozungulira, makamaka omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku ASTM A-572 Giredi 50, amapereka zabwino zambiri pakupanga ma pier a panyanja. Kulimba kwawo, kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu, kusinthasintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakupanga zombo. Mwa kuphatikiza machubu ozungulira m'nyumba zapamadzi, opanga mapulani ndi mainjiniya amatha kupanga mapulatifomu olimba komanso odalirika omwe amatha kupirira zovuta zapamadzi.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Ngakhale kuti ASTM A-572 Giredi 50 ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino, pali zipangizo zina zomwe zikupezeka kutengera zosowa zinazake.
Inde, machubu ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zomangamanga, mayendedwe, ndi zomangamanga.
Machubu a sikweya amapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri m'nyumba zam'madzi, koma kuganizira bwino kapangidwe kake ndi kusankha zinthu ndikofunikira kuti zinthuzo zitheke bwino.
Machubu achitsulo a sitimayo adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse malangizo ndi miyezo yokhwima yokhudzana ndi ntchito za m'madzi, poganizira zinthu monga kukana dzimbiri ndi kukana kugunda.
Zolumikizira zodziwika bwino za mapaipi a sitima zimaphatikizapo zigongono, ma tee, zochepetsera, ma valve, ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi m'makina a mapaipi a sitima.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-08-2023
