Kaua e Mātaki noa i te Waro! Te "Ao Tūturu" o CEV
Ko tētahi hapa noa i roto i te umanga maitai ko te whakaaro he ngāwari te whakarewa i te waro iti (C). Whakaarohia anō.
I tēnei ao o ngā paipa raina whakaputa nui (pērā i te X70, i te X80 rānei), ka tāpirihia e ngā kaihanga he ranunga o te Manganese (Mn), te Chromium (Cr), me te Molybdenum (Mo) hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga kaha. Ahakoa ehara ēnei i te "waro", ka mahi pērā i te wā whakamatao o te whakarewa. Ka meinga e rātou te Rohe Pānga Wera (HAZ) kia pakarukaru—kia pakarukaru pērā i te karāhe ki te kore koe e tūpato.
CEV (Uara Ōrite Waro)ko tō pōro karaihe. Ka hurihia aua koranu katoa ki roto i te ōrau kotahi "rite-waro". Ki te he tātai koe i tēnei, tera pea ka pai te āhua o tō whakarewa i tēnei rā engari ka whanakengā pakaru makaririkei raro i te pēhanga āpōpō.
Te Kōwhiri i te Tātai Tika: IIW vs. Pcm
Kāore e tau te rahi kotahi ki te katoa. Ko te whiriwhiri i te tauira hē te wāhi e hē ai te nuinga o ngā kaihangarau.
A. Te Tātai Matarohia: IIW
Whakamahia tēnei mō ngā maitai waro paerewa, mō tētahi atu maitai rānei kei reira te nui o te waroneke atu i te 0.12%Ko te paerewa koura o te ao mō te mahi whakarewa tuku iho.
B. Te Pito Hou: Pcm Tātai
Mō ngā paipa kaha-rahi, iti-waro (te tikangaTMCPI tukatukahia ki te C < 0.08%), ka nui rawa te whakatau a te tātai IIW i te kaha whakapakeke mō ngā maitai TMCP waro-iti. Ka whakamahanahia e koe te paipa kāore e hiahiatia ana. Engari, whakamahia te Ito-Bessyo Pcmtātai:
Te Pepa Tinihanga Āheitanga Whakarewa: He aha te Tikanga o ngā Tau?
Kua oti i a koe te tātai, ā, ko te hua he 0.44%. Nā, me pēhea? Whakamahia tēnei ripanga paearu ahumahi hei whakatau i tāu mahi e whai ake nei:
| CEV i tatauhia (%) | Whakatauranga Āheitanga Whakarewa | Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamahana |
| ≤0.35 | Tino pai | "Ārai i ngā mahi tinihanga." Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamahana. |
| 0.36 – 0.40 | Pai | E taunakihia ana te whakamahana i mua mō ngā paipa matotoru (>20mm). |
| 0.41 – 0.45 | Tika | E taunakihia ana te whakamahana i mua mō ngā paipa matotoru (>20mm). |
| > 0.45 | rawakore | He nui te mōrearea. Me whakamahi noa i ngā irahiko PWHT me te hauwai-iti. |
Ratonga Kino me te HIC: He aha i tino pakari haere ai ngā herenga
Kia mahi tahi koe meratonga kawa—ina koa ko ngā paipa e kawe ana i te H₂S—ka tino rerekē te kōrero mō te CEV. Kāore i te mea ko te āheinga whakarewa anake. Inaianei kei te whakahaere koe i ngā mōrearea pakaru tūturu, ā, koinei te wāhiHIC (Pakarutanga i Āraia e te Hauwai)ka waiho hei āwangawanga.
Ā, koinei te wā e raru ai te CEV teitei.
Ko te tikanga o te CEV teitei ake ko te pakeke ake i muri i te whakarewa. He rite aua wāhi uaua ki ngā mahanga. Ka kohia te hauwai ki reira i roto i te wā, ka nui haere te pēhanga, ā, i te mutunga, ka pakaru ā-roto - i ngā wā kino rawa atu rānei, ka pupuhi mai i roto ki waho.
Ehara i te mea ka kitea tonutia, koia te take he mea morearea.
Koinei anō te take e noho pūmau ai ngā kiritaki e mahi ana i raro i te NACE MR0175. I roto i ngā kaupapa tūturu, he mea noa te kite i tētahi whakaritenga pēnei i:
CEV ≤ 0.43
Ahakoa ka taea e te kounga maitai tonu te tuku uara teitei ake, ka pēhia tonutia ki raro—kia noho haumaru ai.
Te Tūtohi o te Waro ōrite i roto i ngā Paipa Rino
TeUara Ōrite Waro (CEV)He rerekē rawa ngā momo me ngā taumata paerewa o ngā paipa maitai. Ka pā tika tēnei rerekētanga ki te mahi ā-pūkaha o te rauemi, ā, ka whakatau i ngā tikanga whakarewa motuhake e hiahiatia ana i te papaanga hei whakarite i te pumau o te hanganga.
Hei mārama ake i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te hanganga matū me te āheinga whakarewa, he mea nui kia tātarihia te taunekeneke a te waro me ngā huānga whakarewa i roto i ngā paerewa ahumahi noa. Ahakoa kei te mahi koe me ngā raina tuku pēhanga teitei, ngā pūnaha hanganga whānui rānei, ko ēnei paearu matū te taahiraa tuatahi ki te haumaru o te kaupapa.
Ripanga Tohutoro CEV Paipa Rino
Kei roto i te whakaahua poto e whai ake nei ngā māka tino noa o te umanga, e whakarato ana i ngā tapuwae matū e whakamahia ana hei tatau i te CEV:
| Momo Paipa | Te Ihirangi Waro (C) | Te Ihirangi Konupora (Mn) | Te Ihirangi Chromium (Cr) | Te Ihirangi Molibdenum (Mo) | Te Ihirangi Nikara (Ni) | Te Ihirangi Parahi (Cu) | Waro ōrite (CE) |
| ASTM A53 GR B | 0.26% | 0.90% | 0.30% | 0.10% | 0.40% | 0.20% | 0.55 |
| ASTM A106 GR B | 0.28% | 0.90% | 0.30% | 0.10% | 0.40% | 0.20% | 0.57 |
| API 5L X42 | 0.21% | 1.30% | 0.20% | 0.10% | 0.30% | 0.20% | 0.53 |
| API 5L X52 | 0.22% | 1.20% | 0.20% | 0.10% | 0.30% | 0.20% | 0.5 |
Akoranga Take: Te Pānui i tētahi Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira API 5L X52 (MTC)
Me titiro tātou ki tētahi paipa tui X52 o te ao tūturu. E whakaatu ana tō MTC i:
C:0.14% |Mn:1.15% |Kr:0.04% |V:0.02% |Nā:0.05% |Cu:0.10%
Mā te whakamahi i te Tātai IIW:
Wā tuku: Maehe-04-2026
