Chitsulo chimayikidwa ngati chitsulo cha alloy, chopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina zamagulu monga chitsulo ndi carbon.Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zolimba komanso zotsika mtengo, chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana masiku ano, monga kupanga.mapaipi achitsulo square, mapaipi achitsulo amakona anayi, zozungulira zitsulo mapaipi, mbale zachitsulo,zitsulo zapaipi zosakhazikika, mbiri zamapangidwe, etc., kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo pakupanga matekinoloje atsopano.Makampani ambiri amadalira zitsulo, kuphatikizapo ntchito yomanga, zomangamanga, zida, zombo, magalimoto, makina, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi zida.
1. Chitsulo chimakula kwambiri chikatenthedwa.
Zitsulo zonse zimakula zikatenthedwa, mpaka pamlingo wina.Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina zambiri, zitsulo zili ndi mlingo waukulu wokulirakulira.Mtundu wa coefficient of thermal expansion of chitsulo ndi (10-20) × 10-6/K, chokulirapo cha coefficient chazinthu, kusinthika kwake kwakukulu pambuyo pakuwotcha, ndi mosemphanitsa.
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion α L tanthauzo:
Kutalikirana kwa chinthu pambuyo pa kutentha kwa 1 ℃
Coefficient ya kukula kwa kutentha sikukhazikika, koma imasintha pang'ono ndi kutentha ndikuwonjezeka ndi kutentha.
Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo muukadaulo wobiriwira.Pankhani yopititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wamagetsi obiriwira m'zaka za zana la 21, ofufuza ndi oyambitsa akusanthula ndikulingalira kukulitsa luso lachitsulo, ngakhale kutentha komwe kumakhalako kumawonjezeka.Nsanja ya Eiffel ndiye chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zikatenthedwa.Nsanja ya Eiffel imakhala yayitali mainchesi 6 m'chilimwe kuposa nthawi zina pachaka.
2. Zitsulo ndizodabwitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe.
Anthu ochulukirachulukira akuda nkhawa ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, ndipo anthuwa akupitirizabe kupeza njira zothandizira kuteteza komanso kukonza dziko lotizungulira.Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi njira yopangira zinthu zabwino zachilengedwe.Poyamba, simungaganize kuti zitsulo zimagwirizana ndi "kupita kubiriwira" kapena kuteteza chilengedwe.Chowonadi ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 21, chitsulo chakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zokonda zachilengedwe.Chofunika kwambiri, chitsulo chikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.Mosiyana ndi zitsulo zina zambiri, chitsulo sichitaya mphamvu iliyonse panthawi yobwezeretsanso.Izi zimapangitsa chitsulo kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zokonzedwanso kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano.Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti zitsulo zambiri zizigwiritsidwanso ntchito chaka chilichonse, ndipo zotsatira zake zimafika patali.Chifukwa cha chisinthikochi, mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga zitsulo zatsika ndi theka la zaka 30 zapitazo.Kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu la chilengedwe.
3. Chitsulo ndi chilengedwe chonse.
Kunena zowona, chitsulo sichimangokhalapo komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi, koma chitsulo ndi chinthu chachisanu ndi chimodzi chodziwika bwino m'chilengedwe chonse.Zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi za chilengedwe ndi hydrogen, oxygen, iron, nitrogen, carbon, ndi calcium.Zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzizi n’zochuluka kwambiri m’chilengedwe chonsechi komanso ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene zimapanga chilengedwe chonse.Popanda zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzizi monga maziko a chilengedwe, sipangakhale moyo, chitukuko chokhazikika, kapena kukhalapo kwamuyaya.
4. Chitsulo ndiye maziko a kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.
Mchitidwe ku China kuyambira 1990s watsimikizira kuti kukula kwa chuma cha dziko kumafuna mafakitale amphamvu azitsulo monga chithandizo chothandizira.Chitsulo chidzakhalabe chomangira chachikulu m'zaka za zana la 21.Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, kubwezeretsedwanso, magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo, zofunikira zachitukuko chachuma padziko lonse lapansi, ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, makampani azitsulo apitiliza kukula ndikupita patsogolo m'zaka za zana la 21.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-21-2023
