He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kila maʻemaʻe a me ke kila kalapona?

kila a me ke kila kalapona.

ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻelua no nā kumu like, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou no nā noi like ʻole.

He aha ke kila kalapona?
ʻO ke kila kalapona kahi ʻano kila i loaʻa ke kalapona ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohuihui nui, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i nā nui liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia metala i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana a me nā hale he nui ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ke kila kalapona i nā papa like ʻole ma muli o kona ʻano kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical, e like me ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa (kila palupalu), ke kila kalapona waena, ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe loa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia papa kāna mau hoʻohana a me nā noi ponoʻī, ma muli o nā waiwai i makemake ʻia o ka huahana hope loa.

Nā ʻano kila kalapona
Aia kekahi mau ʻano kila kalapona, kēlā me kēia me nā waiwai kūikawā a me nā noi. ʻO kēia mau ʻano:

Ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo "kila palupalu," ʻoi aku ka ductile o kēia ʻano kila a maʻalahi hoʻi ke hoʻoponopono, hana a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano kila kalapona ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia ka mea e lilo ai ke kila palupalu i koho kaulana ma mua o nā kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā hana hana.

Ke kila kalapona waena
Loaʻa iā ia he 0.3% a i 0.6% ka nui o ke kalapona, e hoʻoikaika a paʻakikī hoʻi ma mua o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā noi e pono ai ka ikaika a me ka ductility, e like me nā ʻāpana mīkini, nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me nā mōlina hale.

Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe

Aia i loko o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe he 0.6% a 1.5% ka nui o ke kalapona a ua ʻike ʻia no kona ikaika a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila kalapona waena. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe i nā hana e pono ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pahi, nā mea hana lima a me nā pūnāwai.