Te tūhura i te NDT i roto i te hanga paipa maitai

I roto i te ao hanga rino e nui ana te tūponotanga, ko te pai o te paipa he rite tonu ki tōna ngoikore. Ahakoa he paipa hauwai tawhiti, he anga hanganga rānei o te whare teitei, kāore e taea te tautohetohe i te pono o taua rino. Koinei te wā e neke ai te Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (NDT) mai i te whakaritenga "pouaka tirotiro" ki te tiakitanga nui.

Mā te whakamahi i te NDT, ka taea e tātou te tirotiro i te hanganga tioata o te maitai me te ngākau o te whakarewa me te kore e pakaru te hua. Ko te mea nui ko te kimi i te mea "ngaro" i mua i te "āwangawanga".

He aha te NDT te Kaitiaki Wahangu o te Ahumahi

Ehara i te mea ko te NDT anake tā mātou e whakamahi ana hei whakamanawa i ngā kaitirotiro; engari hei tiaki i te hua o te kaupapa me ngā oranga tangata.Ngā paipa rinohe maha ngā wā ka pāngia e ngā pēhanga tino nui me ngā taiao waikura. Tērā pea ka mau tonu te pakaru moroiti, te pute hau rānei i roto i tētahi whakamātautau wheketere māmā, engari i raro i te "ratonga huringa" - te uta me te tango tonu i te pēhanga - ka whānui haere aua hapa.

Te Haumarutanga Pūtea:He iti ake te utu ki te whakakore, ki te whakatika rānei i tētahi paipa i roto i te wheketere i te keri i tētahi paipa kua tanumia i muri i ngā tau e toru.

Manatoko Katoa:He rerekē ki ngā whakamātautau whakangaro e kōrero noa ana mō te tauira i whakangaromia e koe, ka hoatu e te NDT te māia ki a koe ko tetūturuhe tino pai te paipa e tukuna ana.

Paearu ā-Ao:Mena kei te tuku tono koe mō ngā kirimana o te ao, ko te whai i tētahi kawa NDT pakari hei "uruwhenua" māu. Mā tēnei ka tutuki i ngā paipa ngā whakaritenga tino pakari oAPI 5L or ASTM A500.

He Ruku Hōhonu ki ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau Matua

I. Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT): Te Sonar Tika o te Ahumahi

Whakaarohia te UT hei 'tirohanga hihi-X' mō āu paipa. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā ngaru ultrasonic hei matawai i te roto o te maitai, hei tautuhi i ngā tūmomo mōrearea huna, me te kore he karawarawa.

Ngā Mīhini:Ka whakamahia e mātou he ira whakawhiti hei tuku i te oro ki roto i te paipa. Mēnā ka pā taua oro ki tētahi kapiti, ki tētahi whakaurunga para rānei, ka hoki wawe mai. Ka inehia e mātou taua "wā rere" hei tohu i te wāhi tika o te hapa.

Ngā Painga "Pro":Kāore he rite mō te kimi i ngā wehewehenga o roto me te tirotiro i te tika o te koki-R i runga i ngā ngongo tapawhā—he mea nui mō te taunga hanganga.

Whakatūpato Hangarau:Ehara te UT i te 'mono-ā-ringa'. Ko te tika o te UT he rite tonu ki te whakarite o te mata me te tangata e pupuri ana i te taputapu tirotiro. Me āhei te tohunga hangarau ki te wareware i ngā 'orooro āhuahanga'—ngā tohu e āhua ana me ngā pakaru engari he oro noa iho e pupuhi ana i tētahi piko, i tētahi kokonga rānei.

II. Whakamātautau Irirangi (RT): Te Pono Tirohanga

Ko te hihi-X he hihi-X hauora mō te maitai. Koinei te tikanga pono rawa atu hei whakamana i te hononga o te whakarewa mai i te pūtake ki te taupoki.

Ngā Mīhini:Mā te tuku i ngā hihi-X, ngā hihi-Gama rānei mā roto i te maitai, ka hopukina he whakaahua ki runga i te pūoko matihiko. He māmā te āhua o te maitai matotoru, ko ngā āputa, ngā kapiti, ngā pute hau rānei ka puta hei atarangi pōuri.

Te Painga Pūranga:Ko te RT te paerewa koura mō te tuhi kounga. Mā te whai kiriata whakaahua-ira tūturu ka "mau tonu te kounga o ia whakarewanga", ka whakaratohia he ara arotake e mau tonu ana mō te roanga o te ora o te paipa.

Te Tauhokohoko Whaihua:Heoi, he utu anō tō te pono. I waenganui i ngā taputapu utu nui me te rohe haumaru e hiahiatia ana hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi mai i te irahiko, ko te RT te tikanga ka rāhuitia mō ngā wāhanga tino nui o tētahi kaupapa.

III. Whakamātautau Matūriki Aukume (MT): Te Kite i ngā Koha Huna o te Mata

Mō te maitai waro (ngā rauemi ferromagnetic), ko te MT te huarahi tere ki te kimi i ngā kapiti mata e kore e kitea e te kanohi tahanga.

Ngā Mīhini:Ka aukumetia e mātou te paipa, ka hangaia he papa aukume. Mēnā he pakaru, ka "tātari" te rerenga aukume ki taua wāhi. Kātahi ka rehuhia e mātou ngā matūriki rino angiangi ka huihui ki te turuturu, pērā i ngā kongakonga rino i runga i te aukume.

Ngā Painga "Pro":He tino pāngia e ngā kapiti ngenge me ngā hapa hononga o ngā paipa ERW.

Te Āhuatanga:He taputapu "mata-anake". Mena kei roto rawa i te pakitara te kapiti, ka ngaro katoa i a MT—koia te take e honoa ai ki te UT.

IV. Whakamātautau Auaha Eddy (ET): Parenga Ipurangi Tere-Tiketike

Ko te ET te mea tino pai mō te hanga nui. Nā te mea he tikanga kore-pa, ka uru pai ki ngā raina hanga tere-nui me te kore e whakaroa i te putanga.

Te Tatūnga:Ka puta ngā 'au hurihuri' i roto i te koiri hiko ā-rohe ki te mata o te paipa. Ina tūtaki ēnei au ki tētahi kapiti, ki tētahi poka rānei, ka whakararuraruhia te rere. Ka hopukina tonutia tēnei huringa e te pūnaha, ka taea te hono atu ki tētahi wae tohu aunoa—pēnei i tētahi tohu peita rehu—hei wehe i te paipa hapa i te wā tonu.

Ngā Painga "Pro":He pai mōngā ngongo angiangime ngā paipa whakawhiti wera ina hiahiatia te tere.

Te Āhuatanga:He tairongo ki te kawe hiko me te pāmahana o te konganuku, nō reira ko te whakatikatika te mea nui.

V. Whakamātautau Whakauru Wai (PT): Te Huarahi Kōwhiringa Maha

Ina mahi tahi koe mekowiri tirakāore rānei he koranu kore-aukume, kāore e mahi te MT. Koinā te wā ka tahuri tātou ki te PT.

Ngā Mīhini:Ka pania te paipa ki tētahi tae e kitea nuitia ana. Kia mimiti ki roto i ngā kapiti, ka horoia te mata, ka pania he wai whakawhanake mā. Ka "toto" te tae ki roto i te wai whakawhanake, ka kitea ngā whati iti rawa o te raina makawe.

Ngā Painga "Pro":He iti te utu, ā, he ngāwari hoki te kawe. Ka taea e koe te mahi i tētahi tirotiro PT i tētahi papa hangahanga tawhiti mā te whakamahi noa i ngā kēne rehu e rua.

Ripanga Whakataurite: Te Kōwhiri i tō Rautaki

Te Ture Koura: Kaua e Whakapoauau i ngā "Tikanga" me ngā "Paerewa"

Ko tētahi mahanga noa i roto i te hokohoko maitai ko te tono mō tētahi "Whakamātautau Ultrasonic" me te kore e tohu i tētahiPaerewa Whakaae.

Te Tikanga (hei tauira, ASTM E213):Koinei tepēhea. Ka tohutohu atu ki te tohunga hangarau me pēhea te neke i te ine.

Te Paerewa (hei tauira, API 5L PSL2):Koinei tepaahi/koreE kī ana tēnei he pai te kōhao 3mm, engari he whakahē te kōhao 4mm.

E mārama ana mātou he rerekē ngā taumata manatoko mō ngā kaupapa hangarau nui. Ahakoa he paerewa ngā tirotiro kounga ā-roto mō ia puranga e hangaia ana e mātou, ka taea te tuku pūrongo NDT whaimana, motuhake ki te kaupapa ina tonoa kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o tō kirimana. Mā te whakarite i ēnei hiahia tuhinga i te wā uiuinga, ka whakaratohia e mātou te māramatanga hangarau me te rangimarie o te hinengaro e tumanakohia ana e ō kaihangarau, kia pai ai te tuku me te hononga kore tautohe.