Kuongorora NDT mukugadzirwa kwemapaipi esimbi

Munyika ine simbi dzakawanda, pombi yakanaka chete kana isina simba rayo. Ingava pombi yehydrogen iri kure kana kuti purazi rechivako chakareba, kuvimbika kwesimbi iyoyo hakuchinjiki. Apa ndipo panobva bvunzo dzisina kuparadza (NDT) kubva pa "check-box" kuenda pakudzivirira kwakakosha.

Nekushandisa NDT, tinogona kutarisa chimiro chesimbi nemoyo wesimbi isina kukuvadza chigadzirwa chacho. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti tiwane "chisingaonekwe" chisati chava "njodzi."

Sei NDT iri Muchengeti Akanyarara weIndasitiri

Hatingoshandisi NDT chete kugutsa vaongorori; tinoishandisa kuchengetedza mari yepurojekiti pamwe nehupenyu hwevanhu.Mapaipi esimbivanowanzo sangana nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye nharaunda dzinoparadza. Kutsemuka kudiki diki kana kuti gasi rakavharirwa rinogona kuramba riripo panguva yekuyedzwa kuri nyore kwefekitori, asi kana paine "basa rinotenderera"—kurodha nekuburitsa kumanikidzwa nguva dzose—zvikanganiso izvozvo zvinowedzera.

Kuchengetedzwa Kwemari:Zvakachipa zvikuru kuramba kana kugadzirisa pombi mufekitori pane kuchera pombi yakavigwa makore matatu gare gare.

Kusimbiswa Kwakazara:Kusiyana nemiedzo inoparadza inongokuudza nezvemuenzaniso wawakaparadza, NDT inokupa chivimbo chekutichaiyopombi iri kutumirwa haina chikanganiso.

Kuenzanisa Kwepasirose:Kana uri kuda kutenga zvibvumirano zvepasi rose, kuva neprotocol yakasimba yeNDT ndiyo "pasipoti" yako. Izvi zvinoita kuti mapaipi akwane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya.API 5L or ASTM A500.

Kunyatsoongorora Maitiro Ekuongorora Akakosha

I. Kuedzwa kweUltrasonic (UT): Sonar yeIndasitiri Yakanyatsojeka

Funga nezveUT se'X-ray vision' yemapombi ako. Inoshandisa mafungu e ultrasonic kuongorora mukati mesimbi, ichiona njodzi dzakavanda pasina kana kukwenya.

Makanika:Tinoshandisa transducer kuti tipinze ruzha mupombi. Kana ruzha irworwo rukarova mutsekwende kana kuti slag inclusion, runodzoka nekukurumidza. Tinoyera "nguva yekubhururuka" iyoyo kuti tione kuti chikanganiso chiri papi.

Kubatsira kwe "Pro":Hazvina kuenzana pakutsvaga divi remukati uye pakutarisa kurongeka kweR-angle pamachubhu erectangular—chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa chimiro.

Chenjedzo yehunyanzvi:UT haisi 'plug and play.' Kururama kwayo kunongofanana nekugadzirira pamusoro uye munhu akabata probe. Nyanzvi yemagetsi inofanira kukwanisa kufuratira 'manzwi ejiometri'—masaini anoita sematsemuka asi chaizvoizvo ari ruzha runosvetuka kubva pakona kana pakona.

II. Kuedzwa kweX-ray (RT): Chokwadi Chinoonekwa

X-ray inonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora simbi. Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kuvimbwa nayo yekuona kuti weld yakanyatsobatanidzwa kubva pamudzi kusvika pachivharo.

Makanika:Nekupfuura neX-rays kana Gamma-rays nesimbi, tinotora mufananidzo uchishandisa digital sensor. Simbi yakamanikana inoita kunge yakareruka, nepo maburi, maburi, kana magasi achionekwa semumvuri wakasviba.

Kubatsira Kwezvakachengetedzwa:RT ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekunyora magwaro emhando yepamusoro. Kuva nefirimu reX-ray rinogara riripo zvinoreva kuti mhando yeweld yega yega "yakavharirwa nenguva," zvichipa nzira yekuongorora inogara hupenyu hwese hwepombi.

Kutengeserana Kunoshanda:Zvisinei, kutendeseka kunodhura. Pakati pemidziyo inodhura uye nzvimbo yakasimba yekuchengetedza inodiwa kudzivirira vashandi kubva kumwaranzi, RT inowanzo chengeterwa zvikamu zvakakosha zvepurojekiti.

III. Kuedzwa kweMagineti Particles (MT): Kuona Zvikanganiso Zvakavanzwa Pamusoro

Panyaya yesimbi yekabhoni (zvinhu zveferromagnetic), MT ndiyo nzira inokurumidza yekuwana mitswe yepamusoro iyo ziso rega rega risingakwanise kuona.

Makanika:Tinoisa magineti papombi, tichigadzira simba remagineti. Kana paine mutswe, simba remagineti rinobuda panzvimbo iyoyo. Tinobva tapfapfaidza zvidimbu zvidiki zvesimbi zvinoungana panzvimbo inobuda mvura semafuremu esimbi pagineti.

Kubatsira kwe "Pro":Inonzwa zvakanyanya kana paine mitswe yekuneta uye zvikanganiso zvemusono mumapaipi eERW.

Chinyorwa:Chishandiso "chepamusoro chete". Kana mutswe uri mukati memadziro, MT inoushaya zvachose - ndosaka uchiwanzobatanidzwa neUT.

IV. Kuedzwa kwazvino kweEddy (ET): Kudzivirira Kwepamhepo Kwekukurumidza

ET ndiyo nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda. Nekuti inzira isingabatanidzi vanhu, inobatanidzwa zvakanaka mumitsetse yekugadzira inokurumidza pasina kunonoka kufambisa kwezvinhu.

Kugadzika:Coil yemagetsi inopinza 'eddy currents' zvakananga pamusoro pepombi. Kana mafungu aya akasangana nemukanwa kana gomba, kuyerera kwawo kunokanganiswa. Shanduko iyi inotorwa ipapo ipapo nesystem, iyo inogona kuwiriraniswa neyuniti yekuisa chiratidzo otomatiki—senge chiratidzo chekupenda-spray—kuti iparadzanise pombi isina kunaka munguva chaiyo.

Kubatsira kwe "Pro":Yakanakiramachubhu ane madziro mateteuye mapaipi ekuchinjana kupisa uko kumhanya kwakakosha.

Chinyorwa:Inonzwa kufambiswa kwesimbi uye tembiricha yayo, saka kuyera ndiko kwakakosha.

V. Kuedzwa kweLiquid Penetrant (PT): Imwe Nzira Inoshandiswa Pakuchinja-chinja

Paunenge uchishanda nesimbi isina ngurakana kuti ma alloys asiri emagineti, MT haizoshande. Ndipo patinoshandisa PT.

Makanika:Tinoisa dhayi inoonekwa zvakanyanya papombi. Kana yapinda mumitswe, tinochenesa pamusoro payo toisa muchina muchena. Dhayi "inobuda" mumudziyo, zvichiratidza kunyange zvidimbu zvidiki zvebvudzi.

Kubatsira kwe "Pro":Haidhuri uye inotakurika zvakanyanya. Unogona kuongorora PT panzvimbo yekuvaka iri kure uchishandisa magaba maviri espray.

Tafura Yekuenzanisa: Kusarudza Nzira Yako

Mutemo Wekuda: Usavhiringidza "Nzira" ne "Mitemo"

Dambudziko rinowanzoitika pakutenga simbi kukumbira "Ultrasonic Test" pasina kutsanangura kuti chii chinonzi "Ultrasonic Test".Mutemo weKugamuchira.

Nzira (semuenzaniso, ASTM E213):Uyu ndiwoseiInoudza nyanzvi yezvemagetsi kuti ofambisa sei probe.

Standard (semuenzaniso, API 5L PSL2):Uyu ndiwokupasa/kukundikanaZvinokuudza kuti gomba re3mm rakanaka, asi re4mm harina kunaka.

Tinoziva kuti mapurojekiti einjiniya ane mabasa makuru anoda mazinga akasiyana ekusimbisa. Kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kwakasimba kwehunhu hwemukati kuri kwakajairika kune ese mabheti atinogadzira, mishumo yeNDT yakanyoreswa, yepurojekiti chaiyo, inogona kupihwa kana yakumbirwa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nezvibvumirano zvenyu. Nekubatanidza zvinodiwa izvi zvemagwaro panguva yekubvunza, tinopa pachena kwehunyanzvi uye rugare rwepfungwa rwatinotarisira mainjiniya enyu, tichiona kuti kuendesa zvinhu zvakanaka uye kubatana kusina gakava.