Gine-ginen da ba sa jure girgizar ƙasa - haske daga girgizar ƙasar Siriya ta Türkiye
A cewar sabbin labarai daga kafafen yada labarai da dama, girgizar kasa a Türkiye ta kashe mutane sama da 7700 a Turkiyya da Siriya. Gine-gine masu tsayi, asibitoci, makarantu da hanyoyi a wurare da dama sun lalace sosai. Kasashe sun aika da taimako a jere. China kuma tana tura kungiyoyin agaji zuwa wurin da lamarin ya faru.
Gine-gine wani abu ne da ke da alaƙa da rayuwar ɗan adam. Babban abin da ke haifar da asarar rayuka a girgizar ƙasa shine lalacewa, rugujewa da lalacewar saman gine-gine da gine-gine.
Gine-gine da girgizar ƙasa ta lalata
Girgizar ƙasa ta yi sanadiyyar rushewar gine-gine da kuma rugujewar gine-gine da kuma wurare daban-daban na injiniya, kuma ta yi asarar rayuka da kadarorin ƙasa da mutane masu yawa waɗanda ba za a iya ƙirgawa ba. Girgizar ƙasa ta gine-gine tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin rayukan mutane da kadarorinsu.
Rauni da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar yana da matuƙar muni. Akwai misalai da yawa na mummunan lalacewar gine-gine da girgizar ƙasa ta haifar a tarihi——
"Kusan kashi 100% na ginin mai hawa 9 wanda aka gina da tsarin siminti mai ƙarfi a Lenin Nakan ya ruguje."
——Girgizar ƙasar Armeniya ta 1988 mai girman maki 7.0
"Girgizar ƙasa ta yi sanadiyyar rugujewar gidaje 90,000 da gine-ginen kasuwanci 4000, sannan gidaje 69,000 suka lalace ta hanyoyi daban-daban"
—— Girgizar ƙasa a Iran ta shekarar 1990 mai girman maki 7.7
"Ginaje sama da 20,000 a yankin girgizar ƙasa sun lalace, ciki har da asibitoci, makarantu da gine-ginen ofisoshi."
-- girgizar kasa ta Turkiyya M6.8 a 1992
"A wannan girgizar ƙasa, gine-gine 18000 sun lalace kuma gidaje 12000 sun lalace gaba ɗaya."
—— Girgizar ƙasa ta Kobe ta shekarar 1995 mai girman maki 7.2 a Hyogo, Japan
"A yankin Lavalakot na Kashmir da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Pakistan, gidaje da yawa na adobe sun ruguje a girgizar ƙasa, kuma ƙauyuka da dama sun lalace gaba ɗaya."
—— Girgizar ƙasa ta Pakistan mai girman maki 7.8 a shekarar 2005
Wadanne gine-gine ne shahararrun da ke jure girgizar ƙasa a duniya? Shin gine-ginenmu masu jure girgizar ƙasa za su iya shahara a nan gaba?
1. Filin Jirgin Sama na Ataturk na Istanbul
Kalmomi Masu Mahimmanci: # Keɓewa da keɓaɓɓen pendulum mai karo uku#
>>> Bayanin Gine-gine:
Babban ginin da aka amince da shi a fannin zinariya, wato LEED Gold Certified Building, shi ne mafi girma a duniya.Ginin da aka ba da takardar shaidar LEEDa duniya.An tsara wannan ginin mai fadin murabba'in ƙafa miliyan 2 a hankali kuma ana iya amfani da shi sosai nan da nan bayan bala'in. Yana amfani da na'urar raba girgiza mai ƙarfi ta pendulum don taimakawa ginin kada ya ruguje idan girgizar ƙasa ta faru.
2. Babban Birnin Jihar Utah
Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: # bearing na keɓance roba#
>>> Bayanin Gine-gine:
Babban Birnin Jihar Utah yana fuskantar girgizar ƙasa, kuma ya kafa tsarin keɓewa na kansa, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2007.
Tsarin keɓe harsashin ginin ya ƙunshi sanya ginin a kan hanyar sadarwa ta masu raba harsashi guda 280 da aka yi da roba mai laminated a kan harsashin ginin. Waɗannan bearings na robar gubar suna haɗe da ginin da harsashin ginin tare da taimakon faranti na ƙarfe.
Idan girgizar ƙasa ta faru, waɗannan bearings ɗin masu rabawa suna tsaye ne maimakon a kwance, wanda ke ba ginin damar yin girgiza kaɗan, don haka yana motsa harsashin ginin, amma ba ya motsa harsashin ginin.
3. Cibiyar Kuɗi ta Duniya ta Taipei (Ginin 101)
Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: # mai rage yawan damfara#
>>> Bayanin Gine-gine:
Ginin Taipei 101, wanda aka fi sani da Taipei 101 da kuma ginin kuɗi na Taipei, yana cikin gundumar Xinyi, Taiwan, birnin China, lardin Taiwan, China.
Tushen ginin Taipei 101 ya ƙunshi siminti 382 da aka ƙarfafa, kuma gefen ginin ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai 8 da aka ƙarfafa. An sanya madatsun ruwa masu daidaita nauyi a cikin ginin.
Idan girgizar ƙasa ta faru, na'urar rage girgizar ƙasa tana aiki a matsayin bututun da ke motsawa a akasin alkiblar ginin da ke juyawa, don haka tana wargaza kuzari da tasirin girgizar ƙasa da guguwar iska ke haifarwa.
Wasu shahararrun gine-ginen asumiyanci
Hasumiyar Girgizar Ƙasa ta Japan, China Hasumiyar Katako ta Yingxian
Khalifa, Dubai, Cibiyar Citi
4.Citigroup Center
Daga cikin dukkan gine-ginen, "Hedikwatar Citigroup" ce ke jagorantar amfani da tsarin don ƙara kwanciyar hankali na ginin - "mai rage yawan danshi".
5.Amurka: Gina Ƙwallo
Amurka ta gina wani nau'in "ginin ƙwallon ƙwallo" mai hana girgiza, kamar ginin masana'antar lantarki da aka gina kwanan nan a Silicon Valley. Ana sanya ƙwallon bakin ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin kowane ginshiƙi ko bangon ginin, kuma dukkan ginin yana da goyon bayan ƙwallon. Gilashin ƙarfe masu tsayi suna ɗaure ginin da harsashin ginin sosai. Lokacin da girgizar ƙasa ta faru, gilasan ƙarfe masu laushi za su faɗaɗa ta atomatik su kuma ƙuraje, don haka ginin zai ɗan zamewa baya da baya a kan ƙwallon, Zai iya rage ƙarfin ɓarnar girgizar ƙasa sosai.
7. Japan: ginin gine-gine masu tsayi da ke yaƙi da girgizar ƙasa
Wani gida da Daikyo Corp ya gina, wanda ya yi iƙirarin zama mafi tsayi a Japan, yana amfani da gidaje 168bututun ƙarfe, iri ɗaya da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Ciniki ta Duniya ta New York, don tabbatar da ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, gidan yana amfani da jiki mai ƙarfi wanda ke jure girgizar ƙasa. A cikin girgizar ƙasa mai girman girgizar Hanshin, wani tsari mai sassauƙa yawanci yana girgiza kimanin mita 1, yayin da wani gini mai tsauri yana girgiza santimita 30 kacal. Mitsui Fudosan yana sayar da wani gida mai tsayin mita 93, wanda ba ya jure girgizar ƙasa a gundumar Sugimoto ta Tokyo. An yi kewaye da ginin da sabon roba mai ƙarfi mai lanƙwasa 16, kuma tsakiyar ginin an yi shi da roba mai lanƙwasa daga tsarin roba na halitta. Ta wannan hanyar, idan aka yi girgizar ƙasa mai girman maki 6, za a iya rage ƙarfin ginin da rabi. Mitsui Fudosan ya sanya irin waɗannan gine-gine 40 a kasuwa a shekarar 2000.
8. Ginin roba
Japan, wacce ke da saurin girgizar ƙasa, tana da ƙwarewa ta musamman a wannan yanki. Sun tsara "gini mai laushi" mai kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa. Japan ta gina gine-gine masu sassauƙa guda 12 a Tokyo. An gwada ta da girgizar ƙasa mai girman maki 6.6 a Tokyo, kuma ta tabbatar da cewa tana da tasiri wajen rage bala'in girgizar ƙasa. Wannan nau'in ginin mai laushi an gina shi ne a jikin keɓewa, wanda ya ƙunshi rukunin farantin ƙarfe mai tauri da kuma damper. Tsarin ginin ba ya taɓa ƙasa kai tsaye. Damper ɗin ya ƙunshi faranti na ƙarfe masu karkace don rage hawa da sauka.
9. Wurin zama mai shawagi a kan ruwa don hana girgizar ƙasa
Wannan babban "ƙwallon ƙafa" a zahiri gida ne mai suna Barier wanda Kimidori House ya yi a Japan. Yana iya jure girgizar ƙasa kuma yana shawagi a kan ruwa. Farashin wannan gidan na musamman shine kimanin yen 1390000 (kimanin yuan 100000).
10. "Gidaje masu araha masu jure girgizar ƙasa"
Wani kamfani a Japan ya ƙirƙiro wani gida mai araha mai suna "gidan da ke jure girgizar ƙasa", wanda aka yi shi da itace, wanda girmansa ya kai murabba'in mita 2 kuma farashinsa ya kai dala 2000. Zai iya tsayawa lokacin da babban gidan ya ruguje, kuma zai iya jure tasirin da kuma fitar da ginin da ya ruguje, sannan ya kare rayuka da dukiyoyin mazauna gidan sosai.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Ana kuma amfani da wasu matakai na fasaha da yawa a cikin tsoffin gine-ginen gargajiya na kasar Sin, waɗanda su ne mabuɗin juriyar girgizar ƙasa na tsoffin gine-gine. Haɗin mortise da tenon wani ƙirƙira ne mai matuƙar ban sha'awa. Kakanninmu sun fara amfani da shi tun shekaru 7000 da suka gabata. Wannan irin hanyar haɗa sassan ba tare da ƙusa ba yana sa tsarin katako na gargajiya na kasar Sin ya zama tsari na musamman mai sassauƙa wanda ya zarce firam ɗin lanƙwasa, firam ko tsauraran firam na gine-ginen zamani. Ba wai kawai zai iya ɗaukar babban kaya ba, har ma yana ba da damar wani matakin nakasa, da kuma shan wani adadin kuzari ta hanyar nakasa a ƙarƙashin nauyin girgizar ƙasa, Rage martanin girgizar ƙasa na gine-gine
Taƙaita wayewa
Kula da zaɓin wurin
Ba za a iya gina gine-gine a kan lahani masu aiki, laka mai laushi da ƙasa mai cike da roba ba.
Za a tsara shi bisa ga buƙatun kariyar girgizar ƙasa
Tsarin injiniyan da ba su cika buƙatun katangar girgizar ƙasa ba za su lalace sosai a ƙarƙashin tasirin nauyin girgizar ƙasa (ƙarfin).
Tsarin girgizar ƙasa ya kamata ya zama mai ma'ana
Idan aka tsara ginin, ƙananan bangon rabuwa a ƙasa, ko babban sarari, ko ginin tubali mai hawa da yawa ba ya ƙara sandunan zobe da ginshiƙai kamar yadda ake buƙata, ko kuma bai tsara bisa ga iyakataccen tsayi ba, da sauransu, zai sa ginin ya karkata ya ruguje a cikin girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi.
ƙin amincewa da "aikin ragowar wake"
Za a gina gine-ginen bisa ga ƙa'idodin katangar girgizar ƙasa kuma a gina su bisa ga ƙa'idodi.
A ƙarshe editan ya ce
Tare da ci gaban zamani da kuma ci gaban wayewa, bala'o'i na halitta suma na iya haɓaka sabbin fasahohin gini. Ko da yake wasu gine-gine suna sa mutane dariya, a gaskiya ma, kowane nau'in gine-gine yana da nasa ra'ayoyin ƙira na musamman. Idan muka ji amincin da gine-gine ke kawowa, ya kamata mu kuma girmama ra'ayoyin masu zane-zanen gine-gine.
Yuantai Derun Steel Bututun Manufacturing Group tana son yin aiki tare da masu zane da injiniyoyi daga ko'ina cikin duniya don gina ayyukan gine-gine na asma da kuma ƙoƙarin zama masana'antar kera bututun ƙarfe ta duniya.bututun ƙarfe na tsarin.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-08-2023
