Nyumba zolimbana ndi zivomezi - kuunikira kuchokera ku chivomezi cha Türkiye Syria
Malinga ndi nkhani zaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku ma TV ambiri, chivomezi ku Türkiye chapha anthu oposa 7700 ku Turkey ndi Syria.Nyumba zapamwamba, zipatala, masukulu ndi misewu m'malo ambiri zidawonongeka kwambiri.Maiko atumiza thandizo motsatizana.China ikutumizanso mwachangu magulu othandizira pamalopo.
Zomangamanga ndi chotengera chobadwa nacho chogwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wamunthu.Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zivomezi ndizowonongeka, kugwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyumba ndi nyumba.
Nyumba zowonongeka ndi chivomezi
Chivomezicho chinayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kugwa kwa nyumba ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zaumisiri, ndipo zinachititsa kuti miyoyo ndi katundu wa dziko ndi anthu awonongeke kwambiri.Kugwira ntchito kwa chivomezi cha nyumba kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha miyoyo ya anthu ndi katundu.
Zowawa zobwera chifukwa cha zivomezi n’zambiri.Pali zitsanzo zambiri za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nyumba zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha zivomezi m'mbiri——
"Pafupifupi 100% ya nyumba yansanjika 9 yokhala ndi silabu yolimbidwa ndi konkriti ku Lenin Nakan idagwa."
——Chivomezi cha 1988 cha ku Armenia cha ukulu wa 7.0
"Chivomezicho chinapangitsa kuti nyumba 90000 ndi nyumba zamalonda 4000 zigwe, ndipo nyumba 69000 zinawonongeka mosiyanasiyana"
——1990 Iran chivomezi champhamvu 7.7
"Nyumba zoposa 20000 m'dera lonse la chivomezi zinawonongeka, kuphatikizapo zipatala, masukulu ndi maofesi"
——1992 Türkiye M6.8 chivomezi
"Pa chivomezichi, nyumba za 18000 zinawonongeka ndipo nyumba za 12000 zinawonongekeratu."
——1995 chivomezi cha Kobe champhamvu 7.2 ku Hyogo, Japan
"M'chigawo cha Lavalakot ku Kashmir yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi Pakistan, nyumba zambiri za adobe zidagwa ndi chivomezicho, ndipo midzi yambiri idaphwanyidwa."
——Chivomezi cha ku Pakistan champhamvu cha 7.8 mu 2005
Kodi nyumba zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi zosamva zivomezi ndi ziti?
1. Istanbul Ataturk Airport
Mawu ofunikira: # Kudzipatula katatu pendulum #
>>>Mafotokozedwe omanga:
Nyumba Yotsimikizika Yagolide ya LEED, yayikulu kwambiriNyumba yovomerezeka ya LEEDpadziko lonse lapansi.Nyumbayi yokwana 2 miliyoni ya masikweya mita yapangidwa mwaluso ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakangochitika ngoziyi.Imagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira katatu cha pendulum vibration kuti chithandizire kuti nyumbayo isagwe pakachitika chivomezi.
2. Utah State Capitol
Mawu ofunikira: # kunyamula mphira kudzipatula#
>>>Mafotokozedwe omanga:
Utah State Capitol ili pachiwopsezo cha zivomezi, ndipo idayika njira yake yodzipatula, yomwe idamalizidwa mu 2007.
Dongosolo lodzipatula la maziko limaphatikizapo kuti nyumbayi imayikidwa pa netiweki ya 280 yodzipatula yopangidwa ndi labala laminated pa maziko omanga.Zonyamula mphira zamtovuzi zimamangiriridwa ku nyumbayo ndi maziko ake mothandizidwa ndi mbale zachitsulo.
Pakachitika chivomezi, zitsulo zodzipatula izi zimakhala zowongoka osati zopingasa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo igwedezeke mmbuyo ndi kutsogolo pang'ono, motero kusuntha maziko a nyumbayo, koma osasuntha maziko a nyumbayo.
3. Taipei International Financial Center (101 Building)
Mawu ofunika: # tuned mass damper#
>>>Mafotokozedwe omanga:
Nyumba ya Taipei 101, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Taipei 101 ndi Taipei Finance Building, ili ku Xinyi District, Taiwan, China City, Province la Taiwan, China.
Mulu wa maziko a nyumba ya Taipei 101 imapangidwa ndi konkriti yolimba 382, ndipo mbali yake imapangidwa ndi mizati 8 yolimbikitsidwa.Ma dampers osinthidwa amayikidwa mnyumbamo.
Chivomezi chikachitika, damper yaikulu imagwira ntchito ngati pendulum kuti isunthire mbali ina ya nyumba yogwedezeka, motero imataya mphamvu ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zivomezi ndi mvula yamkuntho.
Nyumba zina zodziwika bwino za aseismic
Japan Seismic Tower, China Yingxian Wooden Tower
Khalifa, Dubai, Citi Center
4.Citigroup Center
Pakati pa nyumba zonse, "Citigroup Headquarters" imatsogolera pakugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi kuti liwonjezere kukhazikika kwa nyumbayo - "tuned mass damper".
5.USA: Kumanga Mpira
United States yamanga "nyumba" yodabwitsa kwambiri, monga nyumba yamagetsi yamagetsi yomangidwa kumene ku Silicon Valley.Mipira yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri imayikidwa pansi pa mzere uliwonse kapena khoma la nyumbayo, ndipo nyumba yonseyo imathandizidwa ndi mipira.Mitengo yachitsulo ya crisscross imakonza zomanga nyumba ndi maziko.Chivomezi chikachitika, zitsulo zotanuka zimangokulirakulirabe ndikukhazikika, kotero kuti nyumbayo imagwedezeka pang'ono pa mpirawo, Ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yowononga ya chivomezi.
7.Japan: nyumba yapamwamba yotsutsana ndi seismic
Nyumba yomangidwa ndi Daikyo Corp, yomwe imati ndi yayitali kwambiri ku Japan, imagwiritsa ntchito 168mapaipi achitsulo, zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku World Trade Center ku New York, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zivomezi zikuyenda bwino.Kuphatikiza apo, nyumbayi imagwiritsanso ntchito thupi lolimba losagwira zivomezi.Mu chivomezi cha kukula kwa chivomezi cha Hanshin, mawonekedwe osinthika nthawi zambiri amagwedezeka pafupifupi mita 1, pomwe cholimba chimagwedezeka ma centimita 30 okha.Mitsui Fudosan akugulitsa nyumba yautali wa mita 93, yosatetezedwa ndi chivomezi m'boma la Sugimoto ku Tokyo.Kuzungulira kwa nyumbayi kumapangidwa ndi mphira watsopano wamphamvu kwambiri wa 16-wosanjikiza, ndipo gawo lapakati la nyumbayo limapangidwa ndi mphira wa laminated kuchokera ku machitidwe a rabara achilengedwe.Mwanjira imeneyi, pakachitika chivomezi champhamvu cha 6, mphamvu panyumbayo imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi theka.Mitsui Fudosan adayika nyumba 40 zotere pamsika mu 2000.
8.Elastic building
Dziko la Japan, lomwe lili ndi zivomezi zambiri, lilinso ndi zochitika zapadera m’derali.Apanga "nyumba yolimba" yokhala ndi zivomezi zabwino.Japan yamanga nyumba 12 zosinthika ku Tokyo.Poyesedwa ndi chivomezi champhamvu cha 6.6 ku Tokyo, chatsimikizira kukhala chothandiza kuchepetsa masoka a zivomezi.Nyumba zotanuka zamtunduwu zimamangidwa pagulu lodzipatula, lomwe limapangidwa ndi gulu lachitsulo lolimba la mphira ndi damper.Zomangamanga sizimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pansi.Damper imapangidwa ndi zitsulo zozungulira kuti zichepetse kukwera ndi kutsika.
9.Kuyandama anti-seismic okhala
"Mpira" wawukuluwu kwenikweni ndi nyumba yotchedwa Barier yopangidwa ndi Kimidori House ku Japan.Ikhoza kukana zivomezi ndi kuyandama pamadzi.Mtengo wa nyumba yapaderayi ndi pafupifupi 1390000 yen (pafupifupi 100000 yuan).
10.Cheap "chivomerezi kugonjetsedwa nyumba"
Kampani ina ya ku Japan yapanga "nyumba yolimbana ndi zivomezi" yotsika mtengo, yomwe yonse ndi yamatabwa, yokhala ndi malo osachepera 2 lalikulu mamita ndi mtengo wa madola 2000.Ikhoza kuyimilira pamene nyumba yaikulu ikugwa, ndipo imathanso kupirira zotsatira ndi kutuluka kwa nyumba yowonongeka, ndikuteteza bwino miyoyo ndi katundu wa anthu okhala m'nyumbamo.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Njira zina zambiri zamaukadaulo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'nyumba zakale zaku China, zomwe ndi chinsinsi cha kukana zivomezi zanyumba zakale.Kuphatikizika kwa mortise ndi tenon ndikopanga mwanzeru kwambiri.Makolo athu anayamba kuligwiritsa ntchito zaka 7000 zapitazo.Njira yamtunduwu yolumikizira zinthu popanda misomali imapangitsa kuti matabwa achikhalidwe aku China akhale mawonekedwe apadera osinthika omwe amapitilira mawonekedwe opindika, chimango kapena olimba a nyumba zamakono.Sizingatheke kunyamula katundu waukulu, komanso kulola mlingo wina wa mapindikidwe, ndi kuyamwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kudzera mapindikidwe pansi katundu chivomezi, Kuchepetsa zivomezi Poyankha nyumba.
Fotokozerani mwachidule kuunika
Samalani ndi kusankha kwa malo
Zomangamanga sizingamangidwe pazovuta zogwira ntchito, matope ofewa komanso malo opangidwa ndi backfilled.
Idzapangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za seismic fortification
Zomangamanga zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakulimba kwa zivomezi zidzawonongeka kwambiri pochita zivomezi (mphamvu).
Kapangidwe ka chivomezi kuyenera kukhala koyenera
Nyumbayo ikapangidwa, makoma ochepa kwambiri ogawa pansi, malo akulu kwambiri, kapena nyumba ya njerwa yokhala ndi nsanjika zambiri samawonjezera mizati ya mphete ndi mizati yomanga momwe amafunikira, kapena sapanga molingana ndi kutalika kochepa, ndi zina zambiri. kuchititsa kuti nyumbayo ipendekeke ndi kugwa mu chivomezi champhamvu.
Kanani "projekiti yotsalira ya nyemba"
Nyumbazi ziyenera kumangidwa motsatira milingo ya seismic fortification ndikumangidwa motsatira miyezo.
Mkonzi pomaliza adati
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa nthawi komanso chitukuko cha chitukuko, masoka achilengedwe angalimbikitsenso luso la zomangamanga.Ngakhale kuti nyumba zina zimaoneka ngati zimaseketsa anthu, koma mitundu yonse ya nyumba ili ndi mamangidwe akeake.Tikamaona kuti nyumba zili ndi chitetezo, tiyeneranso kulemekeza maganizo a anthu omanga mapulani.
Gulu la Yuantai Derun Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group ndiwokonzeka kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi opanga ndi mainjiniya ochokera padziko lonse lapansi kuti amange ma projekiti omanga amiyala ndikuyesetsa kukhala wopanga zinthu zonse.mapaipi zitsulo zomangamanga.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-08-2023
