Izakhiwo ezimelana nenyikima - ulwazi oluvela kwinyikima yaseTurkey eSyria
Ngokweendaba zamva nje ezivela kwiindaba ezininzi, inyikima eTürkiye ibulale abantu abangaphezu kwama-7700 eTurkey naseSyria. Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo, izibhedlele, izikolo kunye neendlela kwiindawo ezininzi zonakaliswe kakhulu. Amazwe athumele uncedo ngokulandelelana. I-China ikwathumela amaqela oncedo kwindawo yesiganeko.
Uyilo lwezakhiwo luyinto enxulumene kakhulu nobomi bomntu. Izizathu eziphambili zokulimala kwiinyikima kukutshatyalaliswa, ukudilika kunye nomonakalo womphezulu wezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo.
Izakhiwo ezonakele yinyikima
Inyikima ibangele ukutshatyalaliswa nokuwa kwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli, kwaye yabangela ilahleko enkulu kubomi nakwiipropati zelizwe nakubantu ezingenakubalwa. Ukusebenza kwenyikima kwezakhiwo kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lobomi babantu kunye neepropati zabo.
Umonakalo obangelwe ziinyikima unzima kakhulu. Kukho imizekelo emininzi yomonakalo omkhulu kwizakhiwo obangelwe ziinyikima kwimbali——
"Phantse i-100% yesakhiwo esinezitezi ezili-9 esinesakhiwo sesakhelo sekhonkrithi esiqinisiweyo esenziwe ngaphambili eLenin Nakan siwile."
——Inyikima yaseArmenia yowe-1988 eyayinobukhulu obuyi-7.0
"Inyikima ibangele ukuba izindlu ezingama-90000 kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo ezingama-4000 ziwe, kwaye izindlu ezingama-69000 zonakaliswe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo"
——1990 Inyikima yase-Iran enobukhulu obuyi-7.7
"Izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwama-20000 kulo lonke ummandla wenyikima zonakele, kuquka izibhedlele, izikolo kunye nezakhiwo zeeofisi"
——1992 Türkiye M6.8 inyikima
"Kule nyikima, izakhiwo ezili-18000 zonakele kwaye izindlu ezili-12000 zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo."
——Inyikima yaseKobe ngo-1995 enobukhulu obuyi-7.2 eHyogo, eJapan
"Kwingingqi yaseLavalakot eKashmir elawulwa yiPakistan, izindlu ezininzi zodaka zadilika ngenxa yenyikima, kwaye iilali ezininzi zatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo."
——Inyikima yasePakistan enobukhulu obuyi-7.8 ngo-2005
Zeziphi izakhiwo ezidumileyo ezimelana nenyikima ehlabathini? Ngaba izakhiwo zethu ezimelana nenyikima zingenziwa zidume kwixesha elizayo?
1. Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya sase-Istanbul Ataturk
Amagama angundoqo: # Ukwahlulwa kwependulum yokungqubana kathathu#
>>>Inkcazo yesakhiwo:
Isakhiwo esiQinisekisiweyo seGolide se-LEED, esikhulu kunazo zonkeIsakhiwo esiqinisekisiweyo se-LEEDemhlabeni. Esi sakhiwo esingangeemitha ezi-2 zeekwere senziwe ngononophelo kwaye singasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo emva nje kwentlekele. Sisebenzisa i-triple friction pendulum vibration isolator ukunceda isakhiwo singawi xa kuthe kwabakho inyikima.
2. Ikomkhulu leLizwe lase-Utah
Amagama angundoqo: # i-raber isolation bearing#
>>>Inkcazo yesakhiwo:
I-Utah State Capitol isengozini yokuzamazama komhlaba, kwaye yafaka inkqubo yayo yokwahlulahlula iziseko, eyagqitywa ngo-2007.
Inkqubo yokwahlukanisa isiseko ibandakanya ukuba isakhiwo sibekwa kwinethiwekhi yee-isolators ezingama-280 ezenziwe ngerabha elaminethiweyo kwisiseko sesakhiwo. Ezi bearing zerabha zelothe zinamathele kwisakhiwo nakwisiseko saso ngoncedo lweepleyiti zentsimbi.
Xa kuthe kwakho inyikima, ezi bearing ze-isolator zithe nkqo kunokuba zithe tye, zivumela isakhiwo ukuba sishukume kancinci, ngaloo ndlela sishukumise isiseko sesakhiwo, kodwa singashukumisi isiseko sesakhiwo.
3. IZiko lezeMali laMazwe ngaMazwe laseTaipei (iSakhiwo se-101)
Amagama angundoqo: # i-tuned mass damper#
>>>Inkcazo yesakhiwo:
Isakhiwo saseTaipei 101, esaziwa ngokuba yiTaipei 101 kunye neTaipei Finance Building, sikwiSithili saseXinyi, eTaiwan, kwiSixeko saseTshayina, kwiPhondo laseTaiwan, eTshayina.
Isiseko sesakhiwo saseTaipei 101 senziwe ngekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo engama-382, kwaye ummandla wakhiwe ziikholam eziqinisiweyo ezisi-8. Izithinteli zobunzima ezilungisiweyo zibekwe kwisakhiwo.
Xa kusenzeka inyikima, i-mass damper isebenza njenge-pendulum yokuhamba kwicala elichaseneyo nesakhiwo esijikelezayo, ngaloo ndlela ichitha amandla kunye neziphumo zokungcangcazela ezibangelwa ziinyikima kunye neenkanyamba.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezidumileyo ze-aseismic
Inqaba yeNyikima yaseJapan, iNqaba yoMthi yaseYingxian yaseTshayina
IKhalifa, eDubai, kwiZiko leSixeko
4. IZiko leCitigroup
Phakathi kwazo zonke izakhiwo, i-"Citigroup Headquarters" ikhokela ekusebenziseni le nkqubo ukwandisa uzinzo lwesakhiwo - "i-tuned mass damper".
5.USA: Ukwakha iiBhola
I-United States yakhe uhlobo oluthile "lwesakhiwo sebhola" esingashukumiyo, njengesakhiwo somzi-mveliso we-elektroniki esakhiwe kutshanje eSilicon Valley. Iibhola zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zifakelwa phantsi kwekholamu nganye okanye udonga lwesakhiwo, kwaye sonke isakhiwo sixhaswa ziibhola. Imiqadi yentsimbi enqamlezileyo iqinisa isakhiwo kunye nesiseko. Xa kusenzeka inyikima, imiqadi yentsimbi elastiki iya kwanda ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye inciphe, ngoko ke isakhiwo siya kutyibilika kancinci siye phambili nangasemva ebholeni, Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu amandla okutshabalalisa enyikima.
7. IJapan: isakhiwo esiphakamileyo esichasene nenyikima
Iflethi eyakhiwe yiDaikyo Corp, ethi yeyona inde eJapan, isebenzisa ii-168imibhobho yentsimbi, ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa kwiZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi laseNew York, ukuqinisekisa amandla enyikima. Ukongeza, le flethi ikwasebenzisa umzimba oqinileyo omelana nenyikima. Kwinyikima enkulu efana nenyikima yaseHanshin, isakhiwo esiguquguqukayo sidla ngokunyikima malunga nemitha e-1, ngelixa isakhiwo esiqinileyo sinyikima kuphela iisentimitha ezingama-30. UMitsui Fudosan uthengisa iflethi engama-93 ubude, engamelana nenyikima kwisithili saseSugimoto eTokyo. Umjikelezo wesakhiwo wenziwe ngerabha entsha enamandla aphezulu enamaleko ali-16, kwaye inxalenye ephakathi yesakhiwo yenziwe ngerabha elaminethiweyo evela kwiinkqubo zerabha zendalo. Ngale ndlela, xa kwenzeka inyikima enkulu engama-6, amandla kwisakhiwo anokuncitshiswa ngesiqingatha. UMitsui Fudosan wabeka izakhiwo ezingama-40 ezinjalo kwimarike ngo-2000.
8. Isakhiwo esithambileyo
IJapan, indawo ethandwa ziinyikima, nayo inamava akhethekileyo kule ndawo. Bayile "isakhiwo esithambileyo" esinomgangatho olungileyo wokunyikima. IJapan yakhe izakhiwo ezili-12 eziguquguqukayo eTokyo. Ivavanywe yinyikima enobukhulu obuyi-6.6 eTokyo, ibonakalise ukuba iyasebenza ekunciphiseni iintlekele zenyikima. Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo esithambileyo sakhiwe emzimbeni wokuzihlukanisa, owenziwe ngeqela lepleyiti yesinyithi esiqinileyo serabha kunye ne-damper. Isakhiwo sesakhiwo asiqhagamshelani ngqo nomhlaba. I-damper yenziwe ngeepleyiti zesinyithi ezijikelezayo ukunciphisa ukunyuka nokuhla.
9. Indawo yokuhlala edadayo echasene nenyikima
Le "bhola ekhatywayo" inkulu ngokwenene yindlu ebizwa ngokuba yiBarier eyenziwe yiKimidori House eJapan. Iyakwazi ukumelana neenyikima kwaye idada emanzini. Ixabiso lale ndlu ikhethekileyo limalunga ne-1390000 yen (malunga ne-100000 yuan).
10. "Indlu ekwaziyo ukumelana nenyikima" engabizi kakhulu
Inkampani yaseJapan iphuhlise "indlu ekwaziyo ukumelana nenyikima" engabizi kakhulu, eyenziwe ngomthi, enobukhulu obuncinci beemitha ezi-2 zesikwere kwaye ixabisa iidola ezingama-2000. Ingamelana nokuwa kwendlu ephambili, kwaye ikwazi ukumelana nokuchaphazeleka kunye nokuphuma kwesakhiwo esidilikileyo, kwaye ikhusele ubomi kunye nepropathi yabahlali endlwini.
11.Yingxian Wood Tower
Kukho nezinye iindlela ezininzi zobugcisa ezisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zakudala zaseTshayina, ezizezona zibalulekileyo ekuchaseni inyikima kwezakhiwo zakudala. I-mortise kunye ne-tenon joint yinto entsha kakhulu. Ookhokho bethu baqala ukuyisebenzisa kwiminyaka eyi-7000 eyadlulayo. Olu hlobo lwendlela yokudibanisa izinto ngaphandle kwezipikili lwenza isakhiwo semveli somthi saseTshayina sibe sisakhiwo esikhethekileyo esiguquguqukayo esidlula isakhelo esigobileyo, isakhelo okanye isakhelo esiqinileyo sezakhiwo zanamhlanje. Ayinakuthwala umthwalo omkhulu kuphela, kodwa ikwavumela inqanaba elithile lokuguquguquka, kwaye ifunxe inani elithile lamandla ngokuguquguquka phantsi komthwalo wenyikima, inciphise impendulo yenyikima yezakhiwo.
Shwankathela ulwazi olucacileyo
Nika ingqalelo ekukhetheni indawo
Izakhiwo azinakwakhiwa phezu kweziphene ezisebenzayo, inkunkuma ethambileyo kunye nomhlaba ozaliswayo ngasemva.
Iza kuyilwa ngokweemfuno zokuqinisa inyikima
Izakhiwo zobunjineli ezingahlangabezani neemfuno zokuqiniswa kwenyikima ziya konakala kakhulu xa kusenzeka imithwalo yenyikima (amandla).
Uyilo lwe-seismic kufuneka lube nengqiqo
Xa isakhiwo siyilwe, zimbalwa kakhulu iindonga zokwahlulahlula ezantsi, indawo enkulu kakhulu, okanye isakhiwo sezitena esinezitena ezininzi asizongezi iimbasa zesangqa kunye neekholamu zesakhiwo njengoko kufuneka, okanye asiyilwanga ngokwenqanaba elilinganiselweyo, njl.njl., kuya kubangela ukuba isakhiwo sithambeke size siwe xa kukho inyikima enamandla.
Yeka "iprojekthi ye-bean curd residue"
Izakhiwo mazikhiwe ngokwemigangatho yokuqinisa inyikima kwaye zakhiwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho.
Ekugqibeleni umhleli uthe
Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nophuhliso lwempucuko, iintlekele zemvelo zinokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe bokwakha. Nangona ezinye izakhiwo zibonakala zihlekisa abantu, eneneni, zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo zineengcamango zazo zoyilo ezikhethekileyo. Xa siziva ukhuseleko oluziswa zizakhiwo, sifanele sihloniphe nezimvo zabayili bezakhiwo.
Iqela leYuantai Derun Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group lizimisele ukusebenza nabayili kunye neenjineli ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ukwakha iiprojekthi zokwakha ezisekelwe kwi-aseismic kwaye lizabalazele ukuba ngumvelisi opheleleyo weimibhobho yentsimbi yesakhiwo.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-08-2023
