Ishubhu lesikwele liyinto ebalulekile yokwakha kanye nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke, linezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Ngokwezimo ezahlukene ezinqamula izigaba, amashubhu esikwele ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: amaphrofayili, amapuleti, amapayipi, kanye nemikhiqizo yensimbi. Ukuze kube lula ukukhiqizwa, uku-oda, ukuphakelwa, kanye nokuphathwa kwamashubhu esikwele, asetshenziswa kabanzi.
1. Umqondo wepayipi lesikwele:
Amashubhu ayisikweleyizinto ezenziwe ngama-ingot ensimbi, ama-billet, noma amashubhu asikwele ngokucubungula ingcindezi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokwakheka kwethu okuhlukahlukene, osayizi, kanye nezakhiwo.
Ishubhu lesikwele liyinto ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekufezeni ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje okune eShayina. Lisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi linezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo. Ngokwezimo ezahlukene ezinqamula izigaba, amashubhu esikwele ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: amaphrofayili, amapuleti, amapayipi, kanye nemikhiqizo yensimbi. Ukuze kube lula ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwamashubhu esikwele, uku-oda kanye nokunikezwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuphatha ibhizinisi.
2. Indlela yokukhiqiza amashubhu asikwele
Iningiipayipi elingunxandeukucubungula kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwensimbi ecutshunguliwe (ama-billet, ama-ingot, njll.) ngokucubungula ingcindezi. Ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa lokucubungula leshubhu lesikwele, ishubhu lesikwele lingahlukaniswa libe ukucubungula okubandayo kanye nokusebenza okushisayo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula zamashubhu esikwele zifaka:
Ukugoqa: Indlela yokucubungula ingcindezi lapho ama-billet ensimbi yesikwele edlula khona ezikhaleni (izimo ezahlukahlukene) phakathi kwama-roller amabili ajikelezayo, bese ingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo incipha futhi ubude buyanda ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwama-roller. Lena indlela yokukhiqiza evame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-tube esikwele, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amaphrofayili e-tube yesikwele, amapuleti, namapayipi. Ihlukaniswe ngokugoqa okubandayo kanye nokugoqa okushisayo.
Ukugoqa: Indlela yokucubungula ingcindezi lapho ama-billet ensimbi yesikwele edlula khona ezikhaleni (izimo ezahlukahlukene) phakathi kwama-roller amabili ajikelezayo, bese ingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo incipha futhi ubude buyanda ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwama-roller. Lena indlela yokukhiqiza evame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-tube esikwele, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amaphrofayili e-tube yesikwele, amapuleti, namapayipi. Ihlukaniswe ngokugoqa okubandayo kanye nokugoqa okushisayo.
Ishubhu lesikwele elenziwe ngobumba: Indlela yokucubungula ingcindezi esebenzisa amandla okushaya aphindaphindayo esando sokugaya noma ingcindezi yokucindezela ukushintsha indawo engenalutho ibe yisimo nosayizi esiwudingayo. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngobumba olukhululekile kanye nobumba oludayiwe, futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezinobukhulu obukhulu obufana nezinto ezinkulu kanye nama-billet.
Ishubhu lesikwele lokudonsa: libhekisela endleleni yokucubungula yokudonsa ama-billet ensimbi asongiwe (izimo, amashubhu, imikhiqizo, njll.) ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zodayi ukuze kuncishiswe ingxenye evundlile futhi kwandiswe ubude. Lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni okubandayo.
Ukukhipha: Indlela yokucubungula lapho ithubhu eliyisikwele libeka insimbi ekamelweni lokukhipha elivaliwe bese lifaka ingcindezi kolunye uhlangothi ukuze kukhishwe insimbi emgodini wesikhunta ocacisiwe ukuze kutholakale imikhiqizo eqediwe enesimo nobukhulu obufanayo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamathubhu esikwele ensimbi angenawo ugesi
3. Insimbi, izinsimbi kanye nezinsimbi ezingezona insimbi
Ngaphambi kokwethula ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi, faka kafushane imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-Ferrous,insimbi yeshubhu yesikwelekanye nensimbi engeyona insimbi.
1. I-ferrous ibhekisela ensimbini kanye nengxube yayo. Njengensimbi, insimbi yengulube, ama-ferroalloy, insimbi ephothiwe, njll. Insimbi kanye nensimbi yengulube kuyingxube esekelwe kumashubhu esikwele sensimbi, kanye ne-carbon njengento eyinhloko yokwengeza, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-iron carbon alloys.
Insimbi yengulube ibhekisela kumkhiqizo owenziwe ngokuncibilikisa insimbi ibe yisithando somlilo, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni insimbi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamashubhu ayisikwele okwenziwa ngawo izinto eziphonswayo. Insimbi yengulube ephonswayo iyancibilikiswa esithandweni sensimbi esincibilikisiwe ukuze kutholakale insimbi ephonswayo (uketshezi). Insimbi ephonswayo ewuketshezi iphonswa eshubhuni eliyisikwele, futhi lolu hlobo lwensimbi ephonswayo lubizwa ngokuthi insimbi ephonswayo.
I-Ferroalloy iyi-alloy eyakhiwe ngensimbi ne-silicon, i-manganese, i-chromium, i-titanium nezinye izakhi. I-Ferroalloy ingenye yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenza insimbi. Isetshenziswa njenge-Oxygen scavenger kanye ne-alloy element additive yensimbi ekwenzeni insimbi ngamapayipi ayisikwele.
2. Faka insimbi yengulube yokwenza insimbi esithandweni sokwenza insimbi bese uyincibilikisa ngokwenqubo ethile ukuze uthole insimbi. Imikhiqizo yensimbi ifaka phakathi ama-ingot, ama-billets okuphonsa okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuphonsa okuhlukahlukene kwensimbi okwakhiwa ngokuphonsa okuhlanganisiwe kwepayipi eliyisikwele. Okuvame ukubizwa ngensimbi ngokuvamile kubhekisela ensimbini egoqwe kumashubhu ahlukahlukene esikwele. Insimbi yeshubhu eliyisikwele ingeyakwaFerrous, kodwa insimbi ayilingani ngokuphelele negolide elimnyama.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-20-2023
