Magadzirirwo echivakwa chesimbi anosanganisa magadzirirwo nerunako rwezvivakwa zvekare nezvemazuva ano. Zvivakwa zvakawanda zvikuru pasi rose zvinoshandisa tekinoroji yekuvaka simbi yakawanda. Ndezvipi zvivakwa zvechivakwa chesimbi zvine mukurumbira pasi rose? PaZuva raValentine, ndapota teverai tsoka dzedu kuti muyemure magadzirirwo erudo ezvivakwa gumi zvepamusoro zvesimbi pasi rose.
Nzvimbo yekutanga yeBeijing Shiri Dendere
Nzvimbo yeBird's Nest ndiyo nhandare huru yeMitambo yeOlympic yeBeijing ya2008. Dhizaini huru yenhandare iyi, yakapedzwa naHerzog, De Mellon nemugadziri wezvivakwa wekuChina Li Xinggang, uyo akahwina Pulitzer Prize muna 2001, yakagadzirwa se "dendere" rinobereka hupenyu. Yakafanana nebhere, inoratidza tariro yevanhu yeramangwana. Vagadziri havana kuita chero chinhu chisina basa kunhandare yenyika, asi vakaratidza pachena chivakwa ichi kunze, nokudaro vachiumba chitarisiko chechivakwa. Muna Chikunguru 2007, Times of England yakambopa mapurojekiti gumi makuru uye akakosha ekuvaka ari kuvakwa pasi rose. Panguva iyoyo, "Bird's Nest" yaive pekutanga. Magazini yeTime yazvino yakaburitswa musi wa24 Zvita wegore rimwe chete yakasarudza zvishamiso gumi zvepamusoro zvekuvaka pasi rose muna 2007, uye Nzvimbo yeBird's Nest ndiyo yaive yakakodzera pane rondedzero yacho.
Chivako chesimbi chakanakisa iDendere reShiri. Zvikamu zvechivako zvinotsigirana, zvichigadzira chimiro chakafanana netiweki. Kuonekwa kwekukwira nekudzika kunoita kuti chivako chinzwe hupamhi, uye kunoita kuti chive nechimiro chinoshamisa uye chinoshamisa. Chivako chikuru idenderedzwa rechigaro chemuchadenga, uye ndicho chirongwa chechivako chesimbi chimwe chete chine hurefu hwakakura pasi rose pari zvino.
TianjinYuantai DerunBoka rekugadzira mapaipi esimbi ndiro boka guru rekugadzira mapaipi esimbi muChina. Rakatengesa akawandamapaipi esimbi akaenzana, mapaipi esimbi ane rectangularuyemapaipi esimbi akatenderera for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
Nhamba 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Iri kuchamhembe kweSydney, Sydney Opera House chivakwa chakakosha muSydney, chakagadzirwa nemugadziri wekuDenmark Jon Usson. Pasi pedenga rakaita sedemhe pane nzvimbo yemvura inosanganisa theatre nehoro. Magadzirirwo emukati meimba yeopera akafananidzwa netsika dzeMaya netemberi yeAztec. Kuvakwa kwechivakwa ichi kwakatanga munaKurume 1959 uye kwakapedzwa zviri pamutemo ndokuendeswa kuti chishandiswe musi wa20 Gumiguru 1973, zvichitora makore gumi nemana. Sydney Opera House chivakwa chakakosha muAustralia uye chimwe chezvivakwa zvakasiyana zvikuru muzana remakore rechi20. Muna 2007, chakaverengerwa seNhaka Yetsika Yenyika neUNESCO.
Imba yeOpera yeSydney inoshandisa madziro ekongiri yakasimbiswa uye chivakwa chine mativi akawanda chakagadziriswa kuti chitsigire denga, kuitira kuti rigone kutakura mutoro pasina kukuvadza kukombama kwedhizaini yekutanga.
Nhamba 3 Nzvimbo Yekutengeserana Yenyika
Nzvimbo yeWorld Trade Center (1973-Gunyana 11, 2001), iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweManhattan Island muNew York, inoganhurana neRwizi Hudson kumadokero, uye ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa muNew York. Nzvimbo yeWorld Trade Center ine zvivako zviviri zvemashongwe marefu, zvivako zvina zvemahofisi zvine nhurikidzwa nomwe uye hotera imwe ine nhurikidzwa makumi maviri nemaviri. Yakavakwa kubva muna 1962 kusvika 1976. Muridzi wayo iPort Authority yeNew York neNew Jersey. Nzvimbo yeWorld Trade Center yaimbova shongwe mbiri refu kupfuura dzose pasi rose, chiratidzo cheNew York City, uye chimwe chezvivako zvirefu kupfuura zvose pasi rose. Musi wa11 Gunyana 2001, muchiitiko cha11 Gunyana chakashamisa pasi rose, zvivako zviviri zvikuru zveWorld Trade Center zvakadonha chimwe mushure mechimwe mukurwiswa kwemagandanga, uye vanhu 2753 vakafa. Iyi ndiyo yaive tsaona yekurwiswa kwemagandanga inosuruvarisa munhoroondo.
Mashongwe maviri eWorld Trade Center akagadzirwa nehurongwa hutsva hwesimbi hwemachira esimbi, hunobatanidza chimiro chekunze chinotsigira nechimiro chepakati chepakati kuburikidza nehwaro hwepasi hwakatwasuka. Dhizaini iyi inoita kuti chivako chigadzikane zvinoshamisa. Pamusoro pekutakura huremu hwechivako, mbiru dzesimbi dzekunze dzinofanirawo kutsungirira simba remhepo rinoshanda pachigadziko cheshongwe. Kureva kuti, chimiro chemukati chinotsigira chinongoda kutakura mutoro wacho wakatwasuka.
Nhamba 4 London Millennium Dome
Millennium Dome yakambotsanangurwa sechivako chakakanganisika kare, asi zvakare chivako chinomiririra muLondon. Forbes, magazini yezvemari ine mukurumbira, yakaita ongororo yemaonero everuzhinji pamusoro pevagadziri vezvivakwa, uye yakawana kuti Millennium Dome, yakavakwa muBritain nemutengo wemamiriyoni mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu emapaunzi ekupemberera Millennium, yakasarudzwa se "chinhu chakashata kwazvo pasi rose" chekutanga. Millennium Dome chivakwa chesainzi chekuratidzira, chiri paGreenwich Peninsula pedyo neRwizi rweThames, chine nzvimbo yemaeka mazana matatu uye chinodhura mamiriyoni makumi masere emapaunzi (madhora mabhiriyoni 1.25). Ndiyo imwe yezvivakwa zvekurangarira zvakavakwa neBritain kupemberera Millennium pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 nerechi21.
Nha. 5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers yaimbova chivakwa chakareba kupfuura zvose pasi rose, asi ichiri chivakwa chakareba kupfuura zvose pasi rose uye chivakwa chechishanu pakukwirira kupfuura zvose pasi rose. Iri mukona yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweKuala Lumpur. Twin Towers muKuala Lumpur dzakareba mamita 452 uye dzine nhurikidzwa inosvika 88 pamusoro pevhu. Pamusoro pechivakwa chakagadzirwa nemugadziri wekuAmerica Cesar Pelli anoshandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita sesimbi isina ngura negirazi. Twin Towers neKuala Lumpur Tower iri pedyo zvose zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa uye zviratidzo zveKuala Lumpur. Sisitimu yekongiri yakasimbiswa (core tube) outrigger structure system inotorwa netwin towers chivakwa chakabatanidzwa chakagadzirwa nekongiri yakasimbiswa, ine simbi inoshandiswa matani 7500. Chivakwa chefuremu yakatenderera chiri pedyo nechivakwa chimwe nechimwe chikuru chakabatana nemuviri mukuru, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kuramba kwechivakwa chikuru.
Nhamba 6 Sears Tower, Chicago
Sears Building, inoshandurwawo seWelley Group Building, ichivakwa chine denga refu chiri muChicago, Illinois, USA. Chaive chivakwa chakareba kupfuura zvose muNorth America. Musi wa12 Mbudzi 2013, chakaputswa neWorld Trade Center Building 1. Pachakapedzwa, chakanzi Sears Tower. Muna 2009, kambani yeinishuwarenzi yekuLondon, Wellay Group, yakabvuma kurenda chikamu chikuru chechivakwa ichi sechivakwa chehofisi, uye yakawana kodzero yekutumidza chivakwa ichi sechikamu chechibvumirano. Nenguva dza10:00 musi wa16 Chikunguru 2009, zita repamutemo rechivakwa ichi rakachinjwa zviri pamutemo kuita Wellay Group Building. Sears Tower, ine nhurikidzwa zana negumi, yaimbova chivakwa chepamusoro-soro chehofisi pasi rose. Vanhu vanosvika 16500 vanouya kuzoshanda pano zuva rega rega. Panhurikidzwa yechi103, pane nzvimbo yekuona vashanyi kuti vatarise guta. Iri mamita 412 pamusoro pevhu uye inogona kuona matunhu mana eUnited States kana mamiriro ekunze akajeka.
Chivako ichi chinoshandisa sisitimu yehubhu yebundle yakagadzirwa nemafuremu esimbi. Chivako chose chinoonekwa sechimiro chehubhu ye cantilever beam-tube. Kana chiri kure nevhu, simba rekuchekerera rinova diki. Kudengenyeka kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa nemhepo pamusoro pechivako kunoderedzwawo zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kuomarara uye kuramba simba repadivi kwechivako.
Nhamba 7 Tokyo TV Tower
Tokyo TV Tower yakapedzwa muna Zvita 1958. Yakavhurwa kune vashanyi muna Chikunguru 1968. Shongwe iyi ine urefu hwemamita 333 uye inofukidza nzvimbo ye2118 square metres. Musi wa27 Gunyana 1998, shongwe refu kwazvo yeTV pasi rose ichavakwa muTokyo. Shongwe refu kwazvo muJapan yakareba kupfuura Eiffel Tower muParis, France nemamita 13. Zvishandiso zvekuvaka zvinoshandiswa hafu yeEiffel Tower. Nguva yekuvaka shongwe isingasviki chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenguva yekuvaka Eiffel Tower, iyo yakashamisa nyika panguva iyoyo. Ichivakwa chekongiri chakasimbiswa chine mabhenefiti ekusimba, kugara kwenguva refu, kudzivirira moto zvakanaka, kuchengetedza simbi uye mutengo wakaderera kana tichienzanisa nechivakwa chesimbi yakachena.
Nhamba 8 yeSan Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
Bhiriji reGolden Gate nderimwe remabhiriji ane mukurumbira pasi rose, uye zvakare chishamiso cheinjiniya yemabhiriji emazuva ano. Bhiriji iri riri paGolden Gate Strait, iri kure nemamita anopfuura 1900 kubva kuna gavhuna weCalifornia weUnited States. Zvakatora makore mana uye matani anopfuura 100 000 esimbi. Rakavakwa nemari inosvika US $35.5 miriyoni uye rakagadzirwa naJoseph Strauss, mainjiniya wemabhiriji. Nekuda kwekukosha kwaro kwenhoroondo, dhisiki rine zita rimwe chete rakagadzirwa pamwe chete neBritain neUnited States muna 2007. Jinmen Bridge nderimwe remabhiriji ane mukurumbira pasi rose esimbi, uye chishamiso cheinjiniya yemabhiriji emazuva ano. Rine mukurumbira wekuva bhiriji resimbi reorenji rekare.
Nhamba 9 Empire State Building, New York
Chivako cheEmpire State chine mukurumbira chiri pa350 Fifth Avenue, West 33rd Street uye West 34th Street muManhattan, New York City, New York, USA. Zita iri rinobva pazita remadunhurirwa rekuti New York State - Empire State, saka zita raro rechirungu pakutanga rinoreva New York State Building kana Empire State Building. Zvisinei, dudziro yeEmpire State Building yave ichienderana nenyika isina chekuita nenyika uye yave ichishandiswa kubvira ipapo. Chivako cheEmpire State ndechimwe chezvivakwa zvinozivikanwa zvikuru uye zvinokwezva vashanyi muNew York City neUnited States. Ndiyo chivako chechina chakareba kupfuura zvose muUnited States neAmerica, uye chivako chirefu kupfuura zvose chemakumi maviri nemashanu pasi rose. Ndiyo zvakare chivako chirefu kupfuura zvose pasi rose kwenguva yakareba kupfuura dzose (1931-1972). Chivako ichi chakareba mamita 381 uye kukwirira kwemafurati 103. Antenna yakawedzerwa muna 1951 ine kukwirira kwemamita 62, uye kukwirira kwayo kwose kwakawedzerwa kusvika mamita 443. Yakagadzirwa neShreeve, Lamb, neHarmon Construction Company. Ichi chivako chekushongedza hunyanzvi. Chivako ichi chakatangwa muna 1930 chikapedzwa muna 1931. Kuvaka kwacho kunongotora mazuva 410 chete, inova rekodhi yekumhanya kwekuvaka kusingawanzoitika pasi rose.
Chivako cheEmpire State chinoshandisa chivakwa chekongiri chakasimbiswa nechubhu, izvo zvinowedzera kuomarara kwechivako. Saka, kunyangwe mhepo ichimhanya makiromita zana nemakumi matatu paawa, kufamba kwepamusoro kwechivako kunongova 25.65 cm chete.
Nhamba 10 Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower iri paAres Square muParis, France. Ichi chivakwa chine mukurumbira pasi rose, chimwe chezviratidzo zvetsika dzeFrance, chimwe chezviratidzo zveguta reParis, uye chivakwa chakareba kupfuura zvose muParis. Chakareba mamita mazana matatu, chakareba mamita makumi maviri nemana, uye chakareba mamita mazana matatu nemakumi maviri nemana. Chakavakwa muna 1889, chakatumidzwa zita raGustav Eiffel, mugadziri wezvivakwa ane mukurumbira uye mainjiniya wezvivakwa akachigadzira. Dhizaini yeshongwe iyi itsva uye yakasiyana. Inyanzvi yehunyanzvi munhoroondo yezvivakwa pasi rose, uye inzvimbo inokosha yekuona uye chiratidzo chakakurumbira cheParis, France. Shongwe iyi chivakwa chesimbi, chine gomba, chinogona kuderedza simba remhepo zvinobudirira. Ichivakwa chefuremu chine kugadzikana, uye chidiki kumusoro uye chikuru pasi, chakareruka kumusoro uye chinorema pasi. Chakasimba kwazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-14-2023
