Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuhlanganisa isitayela nobuhle bezakhiwo zakudala nezesimanje. Izakhiwo eziningi ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezakhiwo zensimbi ngobuningi. Yiziphi izakhiwo zezakhiwo zensimbi ezidumile emhlabeni? Ngosuku lwezithandani, sicela ulandele izinyathelo zethu ukuze uqonde isitayela sothando sezakhiwo zensimbi eziyishumi eziphezulu emhlabeni.
Isidleke Sezinyoni saseBeijing seNombolo 1
I-Bird's Nest iyinkundla eyinhloko yeMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki yaseBeijing ka-2008. Umklamo wenkundla enkulu, owaqedwa nguHerzog, uDe Mellon kanye nomklami waseShayina uLi Xinggang, owawina umklomelo wePulitzer ngo-2001, ufana "nesidleke" esizala impilo. Kufana kakhulu nendlu encane, eveza amathemba abantu ngekusasa. Abaklami abazange benze lutho olungadingekile enkundleni yezemidlalo kazwelonke, kodwa baveza isakhiwo ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela bakha ngokwemvelo ukubukeka kwesakhiwo. NgoJulayi 2007, i-Times of England yake yakala amaphrojekthi okwakha ayishumi amakhulu futhi abaluleke kakhulu akhiwayo emhlabeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, "i-Bird's Nest" yabekwa endaweni yokuqala. Umagazini wakamuva we-Time owanyatheliswa ngoDisemba 24 walowo nyaka wakhetha izimangaliso eziyishumi eziphezulu zezakhiwo zomhlaba ngo-2007, kanti i-Bird's Nest yayifaneleka ohlwini.
Isakhiwo sensimbi esihle kakhulu yiNdethi Yezinyoni. Izingxenye zesakhiwo ziyasekelana, zakha uhlaka olufana nenethiwekhi. Ukubonakala kokuphakama nokwehla kunciphisa umuzwa wobukhulu besakhiwo, futhi kusinika isimo esimangalisayo nesishaqisayo. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko siyi-ellipse yesihlalo sendawo, futhi yiphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi esisodwa esinobubanzi obukhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni njengamanje.
I-TianjinI-Yuantai DerunI-Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamapayipi ensimbi esakhiwo eShayina. Ihlinzeke ngezinto eziningiamapayipi ensimbi ayisikwele, amapayipi ensimbi angunxandefuthiamapayipi ensimbi ayindilinga for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
Inombolo 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Itholakala enyakatho yeSydney, iSydney Opera House iyisakhiwo esibalulekile eSydney, esakhiwe ngumklami waseDenmark uJon Usson. Ngaphansi kophahla olubunjwe njengegobolondo kukhona indawo yamanzi ehlanganisa inkundla yemidlalo kanye nehholo. Ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwendlu ye-opera kufanekiswe nesiko lamaMaya kanye nethempeli lama-Aztec. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo kwaqala ngoMashi 1959 futhi kwaqedwa ngokusemthethweni futhi kwalethwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ngo-Okthoba 20, 1973, kwathatha iminyaka eyi-14 iyonke. ISydney Opera House iyisakhiwo esibalulekile e-Australia futhi esinye sezakhiwo ezihlukile kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20. Ngo-2007, yalinganiswa njengeGugu Lomhlaba yi-UNESCO.
I-Sydney Opera House isebenzisa udonga lwesakhiwo oluqinisiwe oluguquliwe kanye nesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi eziguquliwe ukusekela uphahla, ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ngaphandle kokulimaza ukugoba komklamo wokuqala.
Isikhungo Sokuhweba Somhlaba Senombolo 3
I-World Trade Center (1973-11 Septhemba 2001), etholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeManhattan Island eNew York, igudla uMfula iHudson entshonalanga, futhi ingenye yezindawo eziphawulekayo eNew York. I-World Trade Center yakhiwe ngamabhilidi amade amabili emibhoshongo, izakhiwo ezine zamahhovisi ezinezitezi eziyisikhombisa kanye nehhotela elilodwa elinezitezi ezingama-22. Yakhiwa kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1976. Umnikazi yiPort Authority yaseNew York naseNew Jersey. I-World Trade Center yayikade iyimibhoshongo emibili emide kakhulu emhlabeni, uphawu lweDolobha laseNew York, futhi ingenye yezakhiwo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni. NgoSepthemba 11, 2001, esigamekweni sangoSepthemba 11 esashaqisa umhlaba, izakhiwo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-World Trade Center zawa ngokulandelana ekuhlaselweni kwamaphekula, kwathi abantu abangu-2753 bafa. Lena kwakuyingozi yokuhlasela kwamaphekula ebuhlungu kakhulu emlandweni.
Imibhoshongo emibili yeWorld Trade Center yaklanywa ngohlelo olusha lwesakhiwo semikhono yohlaka lwensimbi, oluxhumanisa isakhiwo esisekelayo sangaphandle nesakhiwo esiyinhloko esiphakathi nge-truss ephansi evundlile. Lo mklamo unikeza isakhiwo ukuzinza okungavamile. Ngaphezu kokuthwala isisindo sesakhiwo, amakholomu ensimbi angaphandle kufanele futhi amelane namandla omoya asebenza emzimbeni wombhoshongo. Okusho ukuthi, isakhiwo esisekelayo sangaphakathi sidinga kuphela ukuthwala umthwalo waso oqondile.
Inombolo 4 yeLondon Millennium Dome
I-Millennium Dome ibilokhu ichazwa njengesakhiwo esikhubazekile esikhathini esidlule, kodwa futhi iyisakhiwo esimele eLondon. I-Forbes, umagazini wezezimali odumile, wenze inhlolovo yombono womphakathi ngabakhi bezakhiwo, futhi wathola ukuthi i-Millennium Dome, eyakhiwa eBrithani ngezindleko zamaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-750 ukugubha iMillennium, yakhethwa njengento yokuqala "embi kakhulu emhlabeni". I-Millennium Dome iyisakhiwo sesikhungo sesayensi sombukiso, esitholakala eGreenwich Peninsula ngaseMfuleni iThames, esihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angu-300 futhi sibiza amaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-80 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-1.25). Ingenye yezakhiwo zesikhumbuzo ezakhiwe yiBrithani ukugubha iMillennium ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 nekhulu lama-21.
I-Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers No.5
I-Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers yayikade iyisakhiwo esinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa iseyimibhoshongo emibili emide kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nesakhiwo sesihlanu ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Itholakala ekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeKuala Lumpur. Imibhoshongo emibili eKuala Lumpur ingamamitha angu-452 ukuphakama futhi inezitezi ezingu-88 ngaphezu komhlaba. Ubuso besakhiwo esakhiwe ngumklami waseMelika uCesar Pelli busebenzisa izinto eziningi ezifana nensimbi engagqwali kanye nengilazi. Imibhoshongo emibili kanye ne-Kuala Lumpur Tower eseduze kokubili kuyizimpawu ezidumile nezimpawu ze-Kuala Lumpur. Uhlelo lwesakhiwo se-outrigger oluqinisiwe olusetshenziswa yi-twin towers luyisakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esakhiwe kakhulu ngesakhiwo se-concrete esiqinisiwe, esisetshenziswa ngensimbi esingamathani angu-7500. Isakhiwo sefreyimu esiyisiyingi esisekelayo eduze kwesakhiwo ngasinye esiyinhloko sixhunywe nomzimba oyinhloko, okungakhulisa ukumelana kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko.
Inombolo 6 Sears Tower, eChicago
Isakhiwo iSears, esihunyushwa nangokuthi iWelley Group Building, sisakhiwo esinde esiseChicago, e-Illinois, e-USA. Sasiyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika. Ngomhlaka-12 Novemba 2013, sabhidlizwa yiWorld Trade Center Building 1. Lapho siqedwa, sabizwa ngokuthi iSears Tower. Ngo-2009, inkampani yomshuwalense eseLondon, iWellay Group, yavuma ukuqasha ingxenye enkulu yesakhiwo njengesakhiwo sehhovisi, futhi yathola ilungelo lokuqamba lesi sakhiwo njengengxenye yenkontileka. Ngo-10:00 ngoJulayi 16, 2009, igama elisemthethweni lesakhiwo lashintshwa ngokusemthethweni laba yiWellay Group Building. ISears Tower, enezitezi ezingu-110, yake yaba yisakhiwo sehhovisi esiphezulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abantu ababalelwa ku-16500 beza lapha nsuku zonke. Esitezi se-103, kunesiteji sokubuka izivakashi ukuze zibuke idolobha. Lingamamitha angu-412 ngaphezu komhlaba futhi lingabona izifundazwe ezine zase-United States lapho isimo sezulu sicacile.
Isakhiwo samukela uhlelo lwesakhiwo seshubhu elihlanganisiwe oluhlanganiswe ngohlaka lwensimbi. Isakhiwo sonke sibhekwa njengesakhiwo sesikhala seshubhu elinogongolo lwe-cantilever. Uma sikude nomhlaba, amandla okushefa aba mancane. Ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukucindezela komoya phezulu kwesakhiwo nakho kunciphisa kakhulu. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kanye nokumelana namandla aseceleni kwesakhiwo.
Inombolo 7 yeTokyo TV Tower
I-Tokyo TV Tower yaqedwa ngoDisemba 1958. Yavulwa izivakashi ngoJulayi 1968. Lo mbhoshongo ungamamitha angu-333 ukuphakama futhi uhlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele angu-2118. Ngomhlaka-27 Septhemba 1998, kuzokwakhiwa umbhoshongo we-TV omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni eTokyo. Umbhoshongo ozimele omude kunayo yonke eJapane mude ngamamitha angu-13 kune-Eiffel Tower eParis, eFrance. Izinto zokwakha ezisetshenzisiwe ziyingxenye ye-Eiffel Tower. Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kombhoshongo singaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu yesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel Tower, okwashaqisa umhlaba ngaleso sikhathi. Uyisakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe esinezinzuzo zokuqina, ukuqina, ukumelana nomlilo okuhle, ukonga insimbi kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo sensimbi emsulwa.
Ibhuloho leSango Legolide laseSan Francisco elinguNombolo 8
Ibhuloho iGolden Gate lingenye yamabhuloho adumile emhlabeni, futhi liyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela bamabhuloho besimanje. Leli bhuloho limi eGolden Gate Strait, eqhele ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-1900 ukusuka kumbusi waseCalifornia wase-United States. Kwathatha iminyaka emine namathani ensimbi angaphezu kuka-100 000. Lakhiwa ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-US $35.5 futhi laklanywa nguJoseph Strauss, unjiniyela wamabhuloho. Ngenxa yenani lalo lomlando, idokhumentari enegama elifanayo yakhiqizwa ngokubambisana yiBrithani ne-United States ngo-2007. Ibhuloho iJinmen lingenye yamabhuloho esakhiwo sensimbi adumile emhlabeni, futhi liyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela bamabhuloho besimanje. Linedumela lokuba ibhuloho lesakhiwo sensimbi esiphuzi esidala.
Inombolo 9 Empire State Building, eNew York
I-Empire State Building iyisakhiwo esidumile esise-350 Fifth Avenue, eWest 33rd Street kanye naseWest 34th Street eManhattan, eNew York City, eNew York, e-USA. Leli gama livela esiteketiso se-New York State - Empire State, ngakho-ke igama laso lesiNgisi ekuqaleni lisho i-New York State Building noma i-Empire State Building. Kodwa-ke, ukuhunyushwa kwe-Empire State Building kuye kwavumelana nomhlaba wezwe futhi kuye kwasetshenziswa kusukela lapho. I-Empire State Building ingenye yezindawo ezidumile kakhulu nezindawo ezikhangayo eNew York City nase-United States. Iyisakhiwo esinde sesine e-United States naseMelika, kanye nesakhiwo esinde se-25 emhlabeni. Futhi iyisakhiwo esinde kakhulu emhlabeni isikhathi eside kunazo zonke (1931-1972). Lesi sakhiwo singamamitha angu-381 ukuphakama kanye nezitezi ezingu-103 ukuphakama. I-antenna eyengeziwe ngo-1951 ingamamitha angu-62 ukuphakama, futhi ukuphakama kwayo okuphelele kukhuphukele kumamitha angu-443. Yaklanywa yi-Shreeve, Lamb, kanye ne-Harmon Construction Company. Yisakhiwo sobuciko sokuhlobisa. Lesi sakhiwo saqalwa ngo-1930 futhi saqedwa ngo-1931. Inqubo yokwakha ithatha izinsuku ezingu-410 kuphela, okuyirekhodi elingavamile lesivinini sokwakha emhlabeni.
Isakhiwo i-Empire State samukela isakhiwo se-tube-in-tube esenziwe ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe, okwandisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphansi kwesivinini somoya esingamakhilomitha angu-130 ngehora, ukufuduka okuphezulu kwengxenye ephezulu yesakhiwo kungama-25.65 cm kuphela.
Inombolo 10: Umbhoshongo we-Eiffel
I-Eiffel Tower isendaweni yase-Ares Square eParis, eFrance. Iyisakhiwo esidumile emhlabeni wonke, esinye sezimpawu zesiko laseFrance, esinye sezindawo eziphawulekayo zedolobha laseParis, futhi iyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eParis. Iphakeme ngamamitha angu-300, ukuphakama ngamamitha angu-24, kanye nokuphakama ngamamitha angu-324. Yakhiwa ngo-1889, yaqanjwa ngoGustav Eiffel, umakhi odumile nonjiniyela wezakhiwo owayiklama. Umklamo wombhoshongo musha futhi uyingqayizivele. Ungumsebenzi wobuciko wobuchwepheshe emlandweni wezakhiwo emhlabeni, futhi uyindawo ebalulekile ekhangayo kanye nophawu oluvelele lwaseParis, eFrance. Umbhoshongo uyisakhiwo sensimbi, esingenalutho, esinganciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela womoya. Uyisakhiwo sohlaka esinokuqina, futhi sincane phezulu futhi sikhulu phansi, silula phezulu futhi sisinda phansi. Sizinzile kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-14-2023
