Isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi sihlanganisa isitayela nobuhle bezakhiwo zakudala nezanamuhla.Izakhiwo eziningi ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besakhiwo sensimbi ngenani elikhulu.Yiziphi izakhiwo zensimbi ezidumile emhlabeni wonke?NgoSuku Lwezithandani, sicela ulandele ezinyathelweni zethu ukuze ujabulele isitayela sothando sezakhiwo zensimbi eziyishumi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.
No.1 Beijing Bird's Nest
I-Bird's Nest iyinkundla yezemidlalo eyinhloko yeMidlalo yama-Olympic yase-Beijing ka-2008.Umklamo omkhulu wenkundla, owaqedwa u-Herzog, u-De Mellon kanye nomdwebi wamapulani waseShayina u-Li Xinggang, owawina uMklomelo we-Pulitzer ngo-2001, wakheke “njengesidleke” esizalanisa ukuphila.Kufana nembeleko, eveza amathemba abantu ngekusasa.Abaklami abazange benze lutho olungafaneleki enkundleni yezemidlalo kazwelonke, kodwa ngokungananazi badalula isakhiwo ngaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela ngokwemvelo bakha ukubukeka kwesakhiwo.Ngo-July 2007, i-Times of England yake yakala imisebenzi yokwakha eyishumi emikhulu nebaluleke kunayo yonke esakhiwayo emhlabeni.Ngaleso sikhathi, "Isidleke Sezinyoni" sikleliswe kuqala.Umagazini wakamuva we-Time oshicilelwe ngo-December 24 wonyaka ofanayo wakhetha izimangaliso eziyishumi eziphezulu zezakhiwo zomhlaba ngo-2007, futhi i-Bird's Nest yayifaneleka ohlwini.
Isakhiwo sensimbi esingcono kakhulu isidleke Senyoni.Izingxenye zesakhiwo ziyasekelana, zakha uhlaka olufana nenethiwekhi.Ukubukeka kokwehla nokwenyuka kunciphisa umuzwa wevolumu yesakhiwo, futhi kusinikeze isimo esimangalisayo nesishaqisayo.Isakhiwo esikhulu i-ellipse yesihlalo sesihlalo somkhathi, futhi iphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi eyodwa ene-span enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni njengamanje.
I-TianjinI-Yuantai DerunI-Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamapayipi ensimbi wesakhiwo eChina.Inikeze abaningiamapayipi ensimbi ayizikwele, amapayipi ensimbi angama-rectangularfuthiamapayipi ensimbi ayindilinga for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
No. 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Itholakala enyakatho ye-Sydney, i-Sydney Opera House iyisakhiwo esiyingqopha-mlando e-Sydney, esaklanywa umdwebi wamapulani wase-Denmark u-Jon Usson.Ngaphansi kophahla olumise okwegobolondo kunesakhiwo samanzi esihlanganisa inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini nehholo.Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sendlu ye-opera sifakwa ngesiko lamaMaya kanye nethempeli lama-Aztec.Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo kwaqala ngo-March 1959 futhi kwaqedwa ngokusemthethweni futhi kwalethwa ukuze sisetshenziswe ngo-October 20, 1973, kwathatha ingqikithi yeminyaka engu-14.I-Sydney Opera House iyisakhiwo esiyingqopha-mlando e-Australia futhi ingesinye sezakhiwo ezihluke kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20.Ngo-2007, yalinganiswa njengeGugu LeSiko Lomhlaba yi-UNESCO.
I-Sydney Opera House isebenzisa udonga lwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo oluqinisiwe oluguquliwe kanye nesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi esiguquliwe ukuze sisekele uphahla, ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ngaphandle kokulimaza ukugoba komklamo wokuqala.
No.3 World Trade Center
I-World Trade Center (1973-September 11, 2001), esemaphethelweni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeManhattan Island eNew York, isemngceleni woMfula i-Hudson entshonalanga, futhi ingenye yezindawo eziyingqopha-mlando zaseNew York.I-World Trade Center yakhiwe ngamabhilidi amibili, amahhovisi amane anezitezi ezingu-7 kanye nehhotela elinezitezi ezingu-22.Yakhiwa kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1976. Umnikazi yiPort Authority yaseNew York naseNew Jersey.I-World Trade Center yayiyimibhoshongo engamawele ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iyindawo eyingqopha-mlando yeDolobha laseNew York, futhi ingesinye sezakhiwo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni.NgoSepthemba 11, 2001, esehlakalweni sangoSepthemba 11 esashaqisa umhlaba wonke, izakhiwo ezimbili ezinkulu zeWorld Trade Center zawa zilandelana ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwamaphekula, kwafa abantu abangu-2753.Lena kwakuyingozi embi kakhulu yokuhlasela kwamaphekula emlandweni.
Imibhoshongo ekabili ye-World Trade Center iklanywe ngohlelo olusha lwesakhiwo semikhono yefreyimu yensimbi, ehlanganisa isakhiwo esisekelayo sangaphandle nesakhiwo esiyinhloko esimaphakathi ngokusebenzisa i-truss yaphansi evundlile.Lo mklamo unikeza isakhiwo ukuzinza okungavamile.Ngaphezu kokuthwala isisindo sesakhiwo, amakholomu ensimbi angaphandle kufanele futhi amelane namandla omoya asebenza emzimbeni wombhoshongo.Okusho ukuthi, isakhiwo esisekelayo sangaphakathi sidinga kuphela ukuthwala umthwalo waso oqondile.
No. 4 London Millennium Dome
I-Millennium Dome iye yachazwa njengesakhiwo esikhubazekile esikhathini esidlule, kodwa futhi iyisakhiwo esimele eLondon.I-Forbes, umagazini odumile wezezimali, yenza inhlolovo yemibono yomphakathi ngabadwebi bezakhiwo, futhi yathola ukuthi i-Millennium Dome, eyakhiwa eBrithani ngezindleko zamapondo ayizigidi ezingu-750 ukugubha iMillennium, yakhethwa njengento yokuqala "embi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. ".I-Millennium Dome iyisikhungo sesikhungo sesayensi yombukiso, esiseNhlonhlweni yaseGreenwich ngaseMfuleni iThames, ehlanganisa indawo engamahektha angama-300 futhi ibiza amaphawundi ayizigidi ezingu-80 (amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.25).Ingesinye sezakhiwo zesikhumbuzo ezakhiwa yiBrithani ukugubha iMillennium ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kanye nekhulu lama-21.
No.5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
I-Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers yayikade iyisakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa iseyimibhoshongo engamawele ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi iyisakhiwo sesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni.Itholakala ekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Kuala Lumpur.Imibhoshongo engamawele eKuala Lumpur ingamamitha angama-452 ukuphakama futhi inezitezi ezingama-88 ngaphezu komhlaba.Ingaphezulu lesakhiwo elaklanywa umakhi waseMelika uCesar Pelli lisebenzisa izinto eziningi ezifana nensimbi engagqwali nengilazi.I-Twin Towers kanye ne-Kuala Lumpur Tower eseduze yizimpawu zendawo nezimpawu zase-Kuala Lumpur.Uhlaka lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe (ishubhu eliwumgogodla) uhlelo lwesakhiwo se-outrigger olwamukelwa imibhoshongo ephindwe kabili luyingxubevange ehlanganiswe ikakhulukazi nesakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe, esisetshenziswa insimbi engamathani angama-7500.Isakhiwo esiyisiyingi esiyindilinga esiseduze nesakhiwo ngasinye esiyinhloko sixhunywe nomzimba oyinhloko, ongandisa ukumelana kwe-lateral kwesakhiwo esikhulu.
No. 6 Sears Tower, Chicago
I-Sears Building, ebuye yahunyushwa ngokuthi i-Welley Group Building, iyisitezi esitezi esiseChicago, e-Illinois, e-USA.Kwakuyisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika.NgoNovemba 12, 2013, yaphulwa yi-World Trade Center Building 1. Lapho iqedwa, yabizwa ngokuthi iSears Tower.Ngo-2009, inkampani yomshwalense ezinze eLondon, i-Wellay Group, yavuma ukuqasha ingxenye enkulu yesakhiwo njengesakhiwo samahhovisi, futhi yathola ilungelo lokuqamba lesakhiwo njengengxenye yenkontileka.Ngo-10:00 ngoJulayi 16, 2009, igama elisemthethweni lesakhiwo lashintshwa ngokusemthethweni laba yiWellay Group Building.ISears Tower, enezitezi ezingu-110, yake yaba yisakhiwo samahhovisi esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Babalelwa ku-16 500 abantu abafika bezosebenza lapha nsuku zonke.Esitezi se-103, kunenkundla yokubuka ukuze izivakashi zibuke idolobha.Ingamamitha angu-412 ngaphezu komhlaba futhi iyakwazi ukubona izifunda ezine zase-United States lapho isimo sezulu sihlanzekile.
Isakhiwo samukela uhlelo lwesakhiwo seshubhu lenqwaba esakhiwe ngamafreyimu ensimbi.Isakhiwo sonke sithathwa njengesakhiwo sesikhala se-cantilever beam-tube.Uma uqhelelene nomhlabathi, amandla okugunda mancane.Ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukucindezela komoya phezulu kwesakhiwo nakho kuncipha kakhulu.Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kanye nokumelana kwamandla ezinhlangothi zesakhiwo.
No. 7 Tokyo TV Tower
I-Tokyo TV Tower yaqedwa ngo-December 1958. Yavulelwa izivakashi ngoJulayi 1968. Lo mbhoshongo ungamamitha angu-333 ukuphakama futhi uhlanganisa indawo engamamitha-skwele angu-2118.Ngo-September 27, 1998, kuzokwakhiwa umbhoshongo we-TV omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni e-Tokyo.Umbhoshongo ozimele omude kunayo yonke e-Japan ingamamitha angu-13 ubude kune-Eiffel Tower eParis, eFrance.Izinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswayo ziyingxenye ye-Eiffel Tower.Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kombhoshongo singaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel Tower, eyashaqisa umhlaba ngaleso sikhathi.Kuyisakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe esinezinzuzo zokuqina, ukuqina, ukumelana nomlilo okuhle, ukonga insimbi kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo sensimbi ehlanzekile.
No.8 San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
IGolden Gate Bridge ingelinye lamabhuloho adumile emhlabeni, futhi liyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela bamabhuloho besimanje.Ibhuloho limi ku-Golden Gate Strait, eqhele ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-1900 kumbusi waseCalifornia wase-United States.Kwathatha iminyaka emine kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-100000 ensimbi.Lakhiwe ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-35,5 futhi laklanywa uJoseph Strauss, unjiniyela wamabhuloho.Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo ngokomlando, idokhumentari yegama elifanayo yakhiqizwa ngokuhlanganyela yiBrithani ne-United States ngo-2007. I-Jinmen Bridge ingelinye lamabhuloho esakhiwo sensimbi adumile emhlabeni, futhi iyisimangaliso sobunjiniyela bamabhuloho besimanje.Inedumela lokuba ibhuloho lesakhiwo sensimbi esolintshi yakudala.
No. 9 Empire State Building, New York
I-Empire State Building iyisitezi esikhulu esidumile esiku-350 Fifth Avenue, West 33rd Street kanye neWest 34th Street eManhattan, New York City, New York, USA.Igama lisuselwa egameni lesiteketiso se-New York State - Empire State, ngakho-ke igama laso lesiNgisi ekuqaleni lisho Isakhiwo Sesifunda Sase-New York noma i-Empire State Building.Kodwa-ke, ukuhunyushwa kwe-Empire State Building kuye kwavumelana nezwe futhi sekusetshenziswe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.I-Empire State Building ingezinye zezindawo ezidume kakhulu neziheha izivakashi eNew York City nase-United States.Ibhilidi emide kakhulu yesine e-United States naseMelika, kanye ne-25th skyscraper ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Futhi iyibhilidi elide kakhulu emhlabeni isikhathi eside kakhulu (1931-1972).Isakhiwo singamamitha angu-381 ukuphakama nezitezi ezingu-103 ukuphakama.I-antenna engezwe ngo-1951 ingamamitha angu-62 ukuphakama, futhi ukuphakama kwayo sekukonke kunyuswe kumamitha angu-443.Yakhiwe ngabakwaShreeve, iWundlu, kanye neHarmon Construction Company.Yisakhiwo sesitayela sobuciko sokuhlobisa.Lesi sakhiwo saqalwa ngo-1930 futhi saqedwa ngo-1931. Inqubo yokwakha iyizinsuku ezingu-410 kuphela, okuyirekhodi elingavamile lokwakha emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Empire State Building isebenzisa isakhiwo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe se-tube-in-tube, okwandisa ukuqina kwe-lateral kwesakhiwo.Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphansi kwesivinini somoya samakhilomitha angu-130 ngehora, ukufuduka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo kungama-25.65 cm kuphela.
No.10 Eiffel Tower
I-Eiffel Tower ime e-Ares Square eParis, eFrance.Isakhiwo esidume umhlaba wonke, esinye sezimpawu zesiko lesiFulentshi, esinye sezimpawu zedolobha laseParis, kanye nesakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eParis.Ingamamitha angu-300 ukuphakama, amamitha angu-24 ukuphakama, namamitha angu-324 ukuphakama.Yakhiwa ngo-1889, yaqanjwa ngoGustav Eiffel, umakhi odumile kanye nonjiniyela wesakhiwo owayiklama.Umklamo wombhoshongo unoveli futhi uhlukile.Iwumsebenzi wobuciko wobuchwepheshe emlandweni wezokwakha emhlabeni, futhi iyindawo ebalulekile ebabazekayo kanye nophawu oluvelele lwaseParis, eFrance.Umbhoshongo uyisakhiwo sensimbi, esingenalutho, esinganciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela womoya.Iwuhlaka lohlaka olunozinzo, futhi incane phezulu futhi inkulu phansi, ilula phezulu futhi iyasinda phansi.Izinzile kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-14-2023
