Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka zitsulo kamaphatikiza kalembedwe ndi kukongola kwa zomangamanga zakale ndi zamakono. Nyumba zambiri zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa kapangidwe ka zitsulo mochuluka. Kodi nyumba zodziwika bwino za kapangidwe ka zitsulo padziko lonse lapansi ndi ziti? Pa Tsiku la Valentine, chonde tsatirani mapazi athu kuti muyamikire kalembedwe kachikondi ka nyumba khumi zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zachitsulo.
Nambala 1 Chisa cha Mbalame ku Beijing
Chisa cha Mbalame ndiye bwalo lalikulu la masewera a Olimpiki ku Beijing mu 2008. Kapangidwe ka bwalo lalikulu lamasewera, komwe kanamalizidwa ndi Herzog, De Mellon ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku China Li Xinggang, yemwe adapambana Mphoto ya Pulitzer mu 2001, kamaoneka ngati "chisa" chomwe chimabala moyo. Chili ngati chisa cha anthu chamtsogolo. Opanga mapulani sanachite chilichonse chosayenera pa bwalo lamasewera ladziko lonse, koma moona mtima adawonetsa nyumbayo kunja, motero mwachilengedwe adapanga mawonekedwe a nyumbayo. Mu Julayi 2007, Times of England nthawi ina idavotera mapulojekiti khumi akuluakulu komanso ofunikira kwambiri omanga omwe akumangidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Panthawiyo, "Chisa cha Mbalame" chinali pamalo oyamba. Magazini yaposachedwa ya Time yomwe idasindikizidwa pa Disembala 24 chaka chomwecho idasankha zodabwitsa khumi zapamwamba kwambiri za zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi mu 2007, ndipo Chisa cha Mbalame chinali choyenera pamndandanda.
Kapangidwe kachitsulo kabwino kwambiri ndi Chisa cha Mbalame. Zigawo za kapangidwe kameneka zimathandizana, kupanga chimango chonga netiweki. Kuoneka kwa kukwera ndi kutsika kumachepetsa mphamvu ya nyumbayo, ndipo kumaipatsa mawonekedwe odabwitsa komanso odabwitsa. Nyumba yaikulu ndi ellipse ya chishalo cha mlengalenga, ndipo ndi pulojekiti imodzi ya kapangidwe kachitsulo yokhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu padziko lonse lapansi pakadali pano.
TianjinYuantai DerunGulu Lopanga Mapaipi Achitsulo ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mapaipi achitsulo ku China. Yapereka zinthu zambirimapaipi achitsulo ozungulira, mapaipi achitsulo amakona anayindimapaipi achitsulo ozungulira for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
Nambala 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Nyumba ya Opera ya Sydney, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Sydney, ndi nyumba yodziwika bwino ku Sydney, yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Denmark Jon Usson. Pansi pa denga looneka ngati chipolopolo pali malo osungira madzi ophatikiza bwalo la zisudzo ndi holo. Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa nyumba ya opera kamafanana ndi chikhalidwe cha Maya ndi kachisi wa Aztec. Kumanga nyumbayi kunayamba mu Marichi 1959 ndipo kunamalizidwa mwalamulo ndikuperekedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa Okutobala 20, 1973, zomwe zinatenga zaka 14. Nyumba ya Opera ya Sydney ndi nyumba yodziwika bwino ku Australia komanso imodzi mwa nyumba zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 1900. Mu 2007, idawerengedwa kuti ndi Cholowa cha Chikhalidwe Padziko Lonse ndi UNESCO.
Nyumba ya Opera ya ku Sydney imagwiritsa ntchito khoma lopangidwa ndi konkire lolimbikitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka multilayer kuti kathandizire denga, kuti lizitha kunyamula katundu popanda kuwononga kupindika kwa kapangidwe koyambirira.
Nambala 3 Padziko Lonse la Zamalonda
Malo Ogulitsira Zinthu Padziko Lonse (1973-Seputembala 11, 2001), omwe ali kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Manhattan ku New York, ali m'malire ndi mtsinje wa Hudson kumadzulo, ndipo ndi amodzi mwa malo odziwika bwino ku New York. Malo Ogulitsira Zinthu Padziko Lonse ali ndi nyumba ziwiri zazitali zazitali, nyumba zinayi zamaofesi zokhala ndi zipinda 7 ndi hotelo imodzi yokhala ndi zipinda 22. Inamangidwa kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1976. Mwiniwake ndi Port Authority ya New York ndi New Jersey. Malo Ogulitsira Zinthu Padziko Lonse anali nsanja zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chizindikiro cha mzinda wa New York, komanso imodzi mwa nyumba zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pa Seputembala 11, 2001, pa ngozi ya pa Seputembala 11 yomwe inadabwitsa dziko lonse lapansi, nyumba ziwiri zazikulu za World Trade Center zinagwa imodzi motsatizana pa chiwembu cha zigawenga, ndipo anthu 2753 anamwalira. Imeneyi inali ngozi yoopsa kwambiri ya chiwembu cha zigawenga m'mbiri.
Nsanja ziwiri za World Trade Center zapangidwa ndi dongosolo lamakono la kapangidwe ka chitsulo, lomwe limalumikiza kapangidwe kakunja kochirikiza ndi kapangidwe kapakati kudzera mu truss yopingasa pansi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapatsa nyumbayo kukhazikika kwapadera. Kuphatikiza pa kunyamula kulemera kwa nyumbayo, mizati yakunja yachitsulo iyeneranso kupirira mphamvu ya mphepo yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa thupi la nsanjayo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kapangidwe ka mkati kochirikiza kamangofunika kunyamula katundu wake woyimirira.
Nambala 4 London Millennium Dome
Nyumba ya Millennium Dome yakhala ikufotokozedwa ngati nyumba yolakwika kale, komanso ndi nyumba yoyimira ku London. Forbes, magazini yotchuka ya zachuma, idachita kafukufuku wa malingaliro a anthu pa akatswiri omanga nyumba, ndipo idapeza kuti Nyumba ya Millennium Dome, yomwe idamangidwa ku Britain pamtengo wa mapaundi 750 miliyoni pokondwerera Chikondwerero cha Zaka Chikwi, idasankhidwa kukhala "chinthu choyamba choyipa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi". Nyumba ya Millennium Dome ndi malo owonetsera sayansi, omwe ali ku Greenwich Peninsula pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Thames, omwe ali ndi malo okwana maekala 300 ndipo amawononga mapaundi 80 miliyoni (madola 1.25 biliyoni). Ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zokumbukira zomwe Britain idamanga kuti ikondwerere Chikondwerero cha Zaka Chikwi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ndi zaka za m'ma 2000.
Nambala 5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
Nyumba za Twin Towers ku Kuala Lumpur zinali nyumba zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, koma akadali nyumba zazitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso nyumba yachisanu kutalika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kuala Lumpur. Nyumba za twin Towers ku Kuala Lumpur ndi zazitali mamita 452 ndipo zili ndi zipinda 88 pamwamba pa nthaka. Pamwamba pa nyumbayi yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga waku America, Cesar Pelli, amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi galasi. Nyumba za Twin Towers ndi nsanja yapafupi ya Kuala Lumpur zonse ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino komanso zizindikiro za Kuala Lumpur. Dongosolo la kapangidwe ka konkriti yolimbikitsidwa (core tube) lomwe limatengedwa ndi nyumba za twin Towers ndi nyumba yosakanikirana yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi kapangidwe ka konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo cholemera matani 7500. Kapangidwe ka chimango chozungulira chothandizira pafupi ndi nyumba iliyonse yayikulu kalumikizidwa ndi thupi lalikulu, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kukana kwa nyumba yayikulu.
Nambala 6 ya Sears Tower, Chicago
Nyumba ya Sears, yomwe imamasuliridwanso kuti Welley Group Building, ndi nyumba yayitali kwambiri yomwe ili ku Chicago, Illinois, USA. Inali nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku North America. Pa Novembala 12, 2013, idasweka ndi World Trade Center Building 1. Itatha kumalizidwa, idatchedwa Sears Tower. Mu 2009, kampani yogulitsa inshuwaransi yochokera ku London, Wellay Group, idavomereza kubwereka gawo lalikulu la nyumbayo ngati ofesi, ndipo idapeza ufulu wopatsa dzina nyumbayo ngati gawo la pangano. Nthawi ya 10:00 pa Julayi 16, 2009, dzina lovomerezeka la nyumbayo linasinthidwa mwalamulo kukhala Wellay Group Building. Sears Tower, yokhala ndi zipinda 110, inali kale nyumba yayikulu kwambiri yaofesi padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu pafupifupi 16500 amabwera kudzagwira ntchito kuno tsiku lililonse. Pa chipinda cha 103, pali malo owonera alendo kuti ayang'ane mzindawu. Ili pamtunda wa mamita 412 kuchokera pansi ndipo imatha kuwona mayiko anayi a United States nyengo ikayamba bwino.
Nyumbayi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira chubu chopangidwa ndi mafelemu achitsulo. Nyumba yonseyi imaonedwa ngati kapangidwe ka malo okhala ndi chubu chozungulira. Pamene ikutali ndi nthaka, mphamvu yocheka imakhala yochepa. Kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphepo pamwamba pa nyumbayo kumachepanso kwambiri. Izi zimawonjezera kulimba ndi kukana mphamvu kumbali ya nyumbayo.
Nambala 7 Nsanja ya TV ya Tokyo
Nsanja ya TV ya Tokyo inamalizidwa mu Disembala 1958. Inatsegulidwa kwa alendo mu Julayi 1968. Nsanjayi ndi yayitali mamita 333 ndipo ili ndi malo okwana masikweya mita 2118. Pa Seputembala 27, 1998, nsanja yayitali kwambiri ya TV padziko lonse lapansi idzamangidwa ku Tokyo. Nsanja yayitali kwambiri yodziyimira payokha ku Japan ndi yayitali mamita 13 kuposa Nsanja ya Eiffel ku Paris, France. Zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi theka la Nsanja ya Eiffel. Nthawi yomanga nsanjayi ndi yochepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthawi yomanga Nsanja ya Eiffel, yomwe idadabwitsa dziko lapansi panthawiyo. Ndi nyumba yomangidwa ndi konkriti yolimba yokhala ndi ubwino wolimba, kulimba, kukana moto bwino, kusunga chitsulo komanso mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe kachitsulo koyera.
Nambala 8 San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge
Mlatho wa Golden Gate ndi umodzi mwa milatho yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndi chozizwitsa cha uinjiniya wamakono wa milatho. Mlathowu uli pa Golden Gate Strait, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita opitilira 1900 kuchokera kwa bwanamkubwa wa California ku United States. Unatenga zaka zinayi ndi matani opitilira 100000 achitsulo. Unamangidwa pamtengo wa US $35.5 miliyoni ndipo unapangidwa ndi Joseph Strauss, mainjiniya wa milatho. Chifukwa cha kufunika kwake kwa mbiri yakale, filimu ya dzina lomweli idapangidwa limodzi ndi Britain ndi United States mu 2007. Jinmen Bridge ndi imodzi mwa milatho yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yachitsulo, komanso chozizwitsa cha uinjiniya wamakono wa milatho. Uli ndi mbiri yokhala mlatho wakale wachitsulo cha lalanje.
Nambala 9 Nyumba ya Ufumu, New York
Nyumba ya Empire State ndi nyumba yokongola kwambiri yotchuka yomwe ili pa 350 Fifth Avenue, West 33rd Street ndi West 34th Street ku Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA. Dzinali limachokera ku dzina lachidzina la New York State - Empire State, kotero dzina lake la Chingerezi poyamba limatanthauza New York State Building kapena Empire State Building. Komabe, kumasulira kwa Empire State Building kwagwirizana ndi dziko la dzikoli ndipo kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pamenepo. Nyumba ya Empire State ndi imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri komanso malo okopa alendo ku New York City ndi United States. Ndi nyumba yokongola kwambiri yachinayi ku United States ndi America, komanso nyumba yokongola kwambiri ya 25 padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi nyumba yokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri (1931-1972). Nyumbayi ndi yayitali mamita 381 ndipo ili ndi zipinda 103. Antena yomwe inawonjezeredwa mu 1951 ndi yayitali mamita 62, ndipo kutalika kwake konse kwawonjezeka kufika mamita 443. Inapangidwa ndi Shreeve, Lamb, ndi Harmon Construction Company. Ndi nyumba yokongoletsera zaluso. Nyumbayi inayamba mu 1930 ndipo inatha mu 1931. Ntchito yomanga ndi masiku 410 okha, zomwe ndi mbiri ya liwiro losazolowereka padziko lonse lapansi.
Nyumba ya Empire State imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka konkire kolimba, komwe kumawonjezera kuuma kwa nyumbayo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale liwiro la mphepo la makilomita 130 pa ola limodzi, kusuntha kwakukulu kwa pamwamba pa nyumbayo ndi masentimita 25.65 okha.
Nambala 10 Nsanja ya Eiffel
Nsanja ya Eiffel ili pa Ares Square ku Paris, France. Ndi nyumba yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, imodzi mwa zizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha ku France, imodzi mwa malo odziwika bwino mumzinda wa Paris, komanso nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku Paris. Ndi yayitali mamita 300, kutalika mamita 24, ndi kutalika mamita 324. Inamangidwa mu 1889, yotchedwa dzina la Gustav Eiffel, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zomangamanga komanso mainjiniya womanga nyumba yemwe adaipanga. Kapangidwe ka nsanjayi ndi katsopano komanso kosiyana. Ndi luso laukadaulo m'mbiri ya zomangamanga padziko lonse lapansi, komanso malo ofunikira okongola komanso chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Paris, France. Nsanjayi ndi nyumba yachitsulo, yopanda kanthu, yomwe ingachepetse mphamvu ya mphepo. Ndi nyumba yomangidwa ndi chimango yokhala ndi bata, ndipo ndi yaying'ono pamwamba ndi yayikulu pansi, yopepuka pamwamba komanso yolemera pansi. Ndi yokhazikika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-14-2023
