Uyilo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi ludibanisa isitayile kunye nobuhle besakhiwo sakudala nesanamhlanje. Izakhiwo ezininzi ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yesakhiwo sentsimbi ngobuninzi. Zeziphi izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbi ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela? Ngosuku lweValentine, nceda ulandele amanyathelo ethu ukuze uxabise isitayile sothando sezakhiwo zentsimbi ezilishumi eziphambili kwihlabathi.
Indlu yeentaka yaseBeijing yeNombolo 1
I-Bird's Nest yeyona bala liphambili kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki yaseBeijing ka-2008. Uyilo olukhulu lwebala, olugqitywe nguHerzog, uDe Mellon kunye nomyili wezakhiwo waseTshayina uLi Xinggang, owaphumelela iPulitzer Prize ngo-2001, lumile njenge "ndlwane" ezala ubomi. Lufana ne-cradle, echaza amathemba abantu ngekamva. Abayili abazange benze nto ingaphezulu kwibala lezemidlalo lesizwe, kodwa ngokunyanisekileyo batyhila isakhiwo ngaphandle, ngaloo ndlela benza inkangeleko yesakhiwo. NgoJulayi 2007, iTimes of England yakha yabeka udidi lweeprojekthi ezilishumi ezinkulu nezibalulekileyo zokwakha ezazisakhiwa emhlabeni. Ngelo xesha, "i-Bird's Nest" yayikwindawo yokuqala. Ushicilelo lwamva nje lwemagazini iTime olupapashwe ngoDisemba 24 kunyaka ofanayo lukhethe imimangaliso elishumi ephezulu yezakhiwo zehlabathi ngo-2007, kwaye i-Bird's Nest yayifanelekile kuluhlu.
Eyona sakhiwo sentsimbi ilungileyo yiNest yeeNtaka. Izinto ezikwisakhiwo ziyaxhasana, zenza isakhelo esifana nenethiwekhi. Ukubonakala kokunyuka nokuhla kunciphisa ingqiqo yomthamo wesakhiwo, kwaye kusinika imo emangalisayo neyoyikisayo. Isakhiwo esiphambili sisi-ellipse sesali esikwisithuba, kwaye yiprojekthi yesakhiwo sentsimbi enye enobubanzi obukhulu kwihlabathi okwangoku.
I-TianjinYuantai DerunIqela leMveliso yeMibhobho yeNsimbi lelona qela likhulu leemveliso zemibhobho yentsimbi yokwakha eTshayina. Liye labonelela ngeemveliso ezininziimibhobho yentsimbi eyisikwere, imibhobho yentsimbi engunxandekwayeimibhobho yentsimbi ejikelezayo for the construction of stadiums such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Dear designers and engineers, if you are also working on a steel structure project, please consult and leave us a message. E-mail: sales@ytdrgg.com
Inombolo 2 Sydney Grand Theatre
Ifumaneka kumantla eSydney, iSydney Opera House sisakhiwo esibalulekileyo eSydney, esiyilwe ngumyili wezakhiwo waseDenmark uJon Usson. Ngaphantsi kophahla olumile okweqokobhe kukho indawo yamanzi edibanisa iholo yemidlalo yeqonga kunye neholo. Uyilo lwangaphakathi lwendlu ye-opera lufana nenkcubeko yamaMaya kunye netempile yama-Aztec. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kwaqala ngoMatshi 1959 kwaye kwagqitywa ngokusesikweni kwaye kwahanjiswa ukuze kusetyenziswe ngo-Okthobha 20, 1973, kwathabatha iminyaka eli-14 iyonke. ISydney Opera House sisakhiwo esibalulekileyo eOstreliya kwaye sesinye sezakhiwo ezibalaseleyo kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngo-2007, yabekwa njengeLifa leMveli leHlabathi yi-UNESCO.
I-Sydney Opera House isebenzisa udonga oluqinisiweyo lwekhonkrithi oluguquliweyo kunye nesakhiwo esineengqimba ezininzi eziguquliweyo ukuxhasa uphahla, ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ngaphandle kokonakalisa ukugoba koyilo lokuqala.
IZiko leRhwebo leHlabathi lesi-3
IZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi (1973-11 Septemba 2001), elikumzantsi-ntshona weSiqithi saseManhattan eNew York, lijikeleze uMlambo iHudson entshona, kwaye lelinye lawona mazwe abalulekileyo eNew York. IZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi lenziwe ziinqaba ezikhulu ezimbini, izakhiwo ezine zeeofisi ezinezitezi ezisi-7 kunye nehotele enye enezitezi ezingama-22. Lakhiwa ukususela ngo-1962 ukuya ku-1976. Umnini walo yiPort Authority yaseNew York naseNew Jersey. IZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi lalikade liziinqaba ezimbini ezinde emhlabeni, uphawu lweSixeko saseNew York, kwaye lelinye lawona zakhiwo zinde emhlabeni. Ngomhla we-11 Septemba 2001, kwisiganeko somhla we-11 Septemba esathusa ihlabathi, izakhiwo ezibini eziphambili zeZiko lezoRhwebo leHlabathi zawa esinye emva kwesinye kuhlaselo lwabagrogrisi, kwaye abantu abangama-2753 bafa. Le yayiyeyona ngozi imbi kakhulu yohlaselo lwabagrogrisi kwimbali.
Iinqaba ezimbini zeWorld Trade Center ziyilwe ngenkqubo entsha yokwakha imikhono yesakhelo sentsimbi, edibanisa isakhiwo esixhasayo sangaphandle nesakhiwo esiphakathi esiphakathi nge-truss yomgangatho othe tye. Olu yilo lunika isakhiwo uzinzo olungaqhelekanga. Ukongeza ekuthwaleni ubunzima besakhiwo, iintsika zentsimbi zangaphandle kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana namandla omoya asebenza emzimbeni wenqaba. Oko kukuthi, isakhiwo esixhasayo sangaphakathi kufuneka sithwale umthwalo waso othe nkqo.
Inombolo 4 yeLondon Millennium Dome
I-Millennium Dome ibikade ichazwa njengesakhiwo esikhubazekileyo ngaphambili, kodwa ikwayisakhiwo esimele eLondon. I-Forbes, iphephancwadi lezemali elidumileyo, lenze uphando loluntu malunga nabayili bezakhiwo, laza lafumanisa ukuba i-Millennium Dome, eyakhiwa eBritane ngexabiso leepawundi ezingama-750 ezigidi ukubhiyozela iMillennium, yakhethwa njengeyona "nto imbi kakhulu emhlabeni". I-Millennium Dome sisakhiwo sesayensi yomboniso, esikwiGreenwich Peninsula ecaleni koMlambo iThames, sigubungela ummandla weehektare ezingama-300 kwaye sixabisa iipawundi ezingama-80 ezigidi (i-1.25 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi). Sesinye sezakhiwo zesikhumbuzo ezakhiwe yiBritane ukubhiyozela iMillennium ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 neye-21.
I-5 Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers
I-Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers yayiyeyona nqaba iphakamileyo ende ehlabathini, kodwa iseyizona nqaba zimbini zinde emhlabeni kwaye sesona sakhiwo sesihlanu esona side emhlabeni. Ikwikona ekumntla-ntshona weKuala Lumpur. Iinqaba ezimbini eKuala Lumpur ziphakame ngeemitha ezingama-452 kwaye zinemigangatho engama-88 ukusuka emhlabeni. Umphezulu wesakhiwo oyilwe ngumyili wezakhiwo waseMelika uCesar Pelli usebenzisa izinto ezininzi ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neglasi. Iinqaba ezimbini kunye neNqaba ekufutshane yeKuala Lumpur zombini ziimpawu ezidumileyo kunye neempawu zeKuala Lumpur. Inkqubo yesakhiwo sesakhelo sekhonkrithi esiqinisiweyo (ityhubhu engundoqo) esamkelwe ziinqaba ezimbini sisakhiwo esixutyiweyo esenziwe ikakhulu sisakhiwo sekhonkrithi esiqinisiweyo, esinokusetyenziswa yintsimbi eyi-7500 yeetoni. Isakhiwo sesakhelo esijikelezayo esincedisayo ecaleni kwesakhiwo ngasinye esiphambili siqhagamshelwe nomzimba oyintloko, onokunyusa ukumelana kwesakhiwo esiphambili.
Inombolo 6 yeSears Tower, eChicago
Isakhiwo iSears, esikwaguqulelwa ngokuba yiWelley Group Building, sisakhiwo esiphakamileyo esiseChicago, e-Illinois, e-USA. Sasisesona sakhiwo side kakhulu eMntla Melika. Ngomhla we-12 kweyeNkanga ngo-2013, saphulwa yiWorld Trade Center Building 1. Xa sagqitywa, sabizwa ngokuba yiSears Tower. Ngowama-2009, inkampani yeinshorensi eseLondon, iWellay Group, yavuma ukuqesha inxalenye enkulu yesakhiwo njengesakhiwo seeofisi, yaza yafumana ilungelo lokubiza isakhiwo njengenxalenye yesivumelwano. Ngentsimbi ye-10:00 ngoJulayi 16, ngo-2009, igama elisemthethweni lesakhiwo latshintshwa ngokusemthethweni laba yiWellay Group Building. ISears Tower, enemigangatho eli-110, yayiyeyona sakhiwo seeofisi siphezulu emhlabeni. Abantu abamalunga ne-16500 beza kusebenza apha yonke imihla. Kumgangatho we-103, kukho iqonga lokubukela abakhenkethi ukuze bajonge isixeko. Sikwiimitha ezingama-412 ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye sinokubona amazwe amane ase-United States xa imozulu icacile.
Isakhiwo samkela inkqubo yolwakhiwo lwetyhubhu ye-bundle eyenziwe ngeefreyimu zentsimbi. Isakhiwo sonke sithathwa njengesakhiwo sesithuba setyhubhu ye-cantilever beam-tube. Okukhona sikude nomhlaba, kokukhona amandla okucheba encipha kakhulu. Ukungcangcazela okubangelwa luxinzelelo lomoya phezulu kwesakhiwo nako kuncipha kakhulu. Oku kuphucula kakhulu ukuqina kunye nokumelana kwamandla asecaleni kwesakhiwo.
Inombolo 7 yeTokyo TV Tower
ITokyo TV Tower yagqitywa ngoDisemba 1958. Yavulwa kubakhenkethi ngoJulayi 1968. Le nqaba iphakame ngeemitha ezingama-333 kwaye igubungela indawo yeemitha zesikwere ezingama-2118. Ngomhla wama-27 kuSeptemba 1998, kuza kwakhiwa iTV Tower ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni eTokyo. I-Elevant Tower ende kunazo zonke eJapan ide ngeemitha ezili-13 kune-Eiffel Tower eParis, eFransi. Izixhobo zokwakha ezisetyenzisiweyo zisiqingatha se-Eiffel Tower. Ixesha lokwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel Tower lingaphantsi kwesinye kwisithathu sexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-Eiffel Tower, eyathusa ihlabathi ngelo xesha. Sisakhiwo sekhonkrithi esomeleleyo esineenzuzo zokuqina, ukuqina, ukumelana nomlilo okuhle, ukonga intsimbi kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo sentsimbi ecocekileyo.
Ibhulorho yeSango leGolide laseSan Francisco ye-8
IGolden Gate Bridge yenye yeebhulorho ezidumileyo kwihlabathi, kwaye ikwangummangaliso wobunjineli beebhulorho zanamhlanje. Le bhulorho imi kwiGolden Gate Strait, ekude ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-1900 ukusuka kwirhuluneli yaseCalifornia eMelika. Yathatha iminyaka emine kunye neetoni zentsimbi ezingaphezu kwe-100 000. Yakhiwa ngexabiso le-US $35.5 yezigidi kwaye yayilwe nguJoseph Strauss, injineli yeebhulorho. Ngenxa yexabiso layo lembali, idokhumentari enegama elifanayo yaveliswa yiBritane ne-United States ngo-2007. IJinmen Bridge yenye yeebhulorho zesakhiwo sentsimbi ezidumileyo kwihlabathi, kwaye ikwangummangaliso wobunjineli beebhulorho zanamhlanje. Idume ngokuba yibhulorho yesakhiwo sentsimbi esiorenji yakudala.
Inombolo 9 ye-Empire State Building, eNew York
I-Empire State Building yindlu ende edumileyo ekwi-350 Fifth Avenue, eWest 33rd Street naseWest 34th Street eManhattan, eNew York City, eNew York, e-USA. Eli gama livela kwisidlaliso se-New York State - Empire State, ngoko ke igama layo lesiNgesi ekuqaleni lithetha iNew York State Building okanye i-Empire State Building. Nangona kunjalo, inguqulelo ye-Empire State Building ivumelane nehlabathi elingelolonqulo kwaye isetyenzisiwe ukususela ngoko. I-Empire State Building yenye yezona ndawo zidumileyo kunye neendawo zokutyela ezidumileyo eNew York City nase-United States. Yindlu ende yesine ende e-United States naseMelika, kwaye yindlu ende yama-25 ende emhlabeni. Ikwayindlu ende ende emhlabeni ixesha elide (1931-1972). Isakhiwo siphakame ngeemitha ezingama-381 kwaye sinemigangatho eli-103. I-antenna eyongeziweyo ngo-1951 iphakame ngeemitha ezingama-62, kwaye ubude bayo bubonke bunyuswe ukuya kwiimitha ezingama-443. Yayilwe yiShreeve, Lamb, kunye neHarmon Construction Company. Sisakhiwo sobugcisa bokuhombisa. Isakhiwo saqalwa ngo-1930 saza sagqitywa ngo-1931. Inkqubo yokwakha yimihla engama-410 kuphela, nto leyo eyirekhodi engaqhelekanga yesantya sokwakha emhlabeni.
Isakhiwo i-Empire State samkela isakhiwo sekhonkrithi esiqinisiweyo, esongeza ukuqina kwesakhiwo ecaleni. Ngenxa yoko, nokuba siphantsi kwesantya somoya seekhilomitha ezili-130 ngeyure, umgama ophezulu wokuhamba kwesakhiwo yi-25.65 cm kuphela.
Inombolo 10 yeNqaba ye-Eiffel
I-Eiffel Tower imi kwi-Ares Square eParis, eFransi. Sisakhiwo esidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela, esinye seempawu zenkcubeko yaseFransi, esinye sezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwisixeko saseParis, kwaye sikwasisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eParis. Siphezulu ngeemitha ezingama-300, ukuphakama ngeemitha ezingama-24, kunye nokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-324. Yakhiwa ngo-1889, yaqanjwa ngegama likaGustav Eiffel, umyili wezakhiwo odumileyo kunye nonjineli wezakhiwo owayila. Uyilo lwenqaba luyinto entsha kwaye luyingqayizivele. Lubugcisa bobugcisa kwimbali yoyilo lwezakhiwo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye yindawo ebalulekileyo ekhangayo kunye nophawu olubalaseleyo lweParis, eFransi. Inqaba sisakhiwo sentsimbi, esingenanto, esinokunciphisa ngempumelelo impembelelo yomoya. Sisakhiwo sesakhelo esizinzileyo, kwaye sincinci phezulu kwaye sikhulu ezantsi, silula phezulu kwaye sinzima ezantsi. Sizinzile kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-14-2023
