Chiyambi:
Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe, Thanzi ndi Zachuma - Kodi kwenikweni satifiketi ya LEED ndi chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani ndi yofunika kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono?
Masiku ano, zinthu zambiri zikuika pachiwopsezo chilengedwe m'moyo wathu wamakono. Machitidwe osakhazikika a zomangamanga, zinyalala za pulasitiki ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon zonse ndi zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Komabe, posachedwapa, anthu azindikira kufunika koteteza chilengedwe ku ngozi. Monga gawo la khama ili, maboma akugwira ntchito yochepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon kuchokera ku makampani omanga. Kuchepetsa mpweya woipa kumatha kuchitika pogula zinthu zokhazikika ndikukhazikitsa njira zomangira zokhazikika.
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa nyumba zokhazikika, satifiketi ya LEED ikubweretsa makampani omanga pafupi kwambiri kuti akwaniritse kukhazikika.
- Kodi Chitsimikizo cha LEED n'chiyani?
LEED (Utsogoleri mu Mphamvu ndi Kapangidwe ka Zachilengedwe) ndi njira yowunikira nyumba zobiriwira. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa bwino zotsatira zoyipa pa chilengedwe ndi okhalamo pakupanga. Cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa lingaliro lokwanira komanso lolondola la nyumba zobiriwira ndikuletsa kubiriwira kwambiri kwa nyumba. LEED idakhazikitsidwa ndi United States Green Building Council ndipo idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2000. Yalembedwa ngati muyezo wovomerezeka ndi malamulo m'maboma ndi mayiko ena ku United States.
LEED ikuyimira utsogoleri pakupanga mphamvu ndi chilengedwe.Bungwe la United States Green Building Council (USGBC)yapanga satifiketi ya LEED. Yapanga LEED kuti ithandize kupanga nyumba zobiriwira zogwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, LEED imatsimikizira nyumba zosawononga chilengedwe. Satifiketi iyi imawunika kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
USGBC imapereka satifiketi ya LEED ya magawo anayi kwa nyumba zomwe zikutenga nawo mbali mu pulogalamuyi. Chiwerengero cha mfundo zomwe nyumba zimalandira chimatsimikizira udindo wawo. Magawo awa ndi awa:
- Nyumba zovomerezeka ndi LEED (mfundo 40-49)
- Nyumba ya Siliva ya LEED (mfundo 50-59)
- Nyumba ya Golide ya LEED (mfundo 60-79)
- Nyumba ya Platinum ya LEED (mfundo 80 ndi kupitirira apo)
Malinga ndi bungwe la United States Green Building Council, satifiketi ya LEED ndi chizindikiro chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi cha kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwa zinthu.
Kufunika kwa satifiketi ya LEED mu zomangamanga zamakono
Ndiye, kodi ubwino wa satifiketi ya LEED ndi wotani? Gawo lalikulu la anthu padziko lonse lapansi amakhala, amagwira ntchito komanso amaphunzira m'nyumba zovomerezeka za LEED. Zifukwa zomwe satifiketi ya LEED ilili yofunika kwambiri pa zomangamanga zamakono ndi izi:
ubwino wa chilengedwe
Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, nyumba ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'dzikolo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, madzi ndi magetsi. Zimathandizanso kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya wa CO2 (pafupifupi 40%). Komabe, pulojekiti ya LEED imathandiza nyumba zatsopano ndi zomwe zilipo kale kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika. Chimodzi mwa zabwino zomangira nyumba zobiriwira kudzera mu LEED ndikusunga madzi.
LEED imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa komanso kasamalidwe ka madzi amvula. Imalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ena amadzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, kusunga madzi m'nyumba za LEED kudzawonjezeka. Nyumba zimapanga pafupifupi theka la mpweya wa CO2 padziko lonse lapansi. Magwero a kaboni m'nyumba amaphatikizapo mphamvu zopopera ndi kutsuka madzi. Magwero ena ndi kuyeretsa zinyalala ndi mafuta oyaka moto otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa.
LEED imathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya wa CO2 mwa kupereka mphoto ku mapulojekiti opanda mpweya woipa. Imapatsanso mphoto ku mapulojekiti omwe amapereka mphamvu zabwino. Nyumba zovomerezeka za LEED zimatulutsanso mpweya woipa woipa woipa. Mpweya umenewu nthawi zambiri umachokera ku madzi, zinyalala zolimba ndi mayendedwe. Ubwino wina wa chitsimikizo cha LEED ndi wakuti chimalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Makampani opanga zomangamanga amapanga zinyalala mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse. LEED imalimbikitsa kusamutsa zinyalala kuchokera ku malo otayira zinyalala. Imapatsanso mphotho kasamalidwe ka zinyalala zomangira kokhazikika komanso imalimbikitsa chuma chozungulira. Amapeza mapointi pamene polojekitiyi imagwiritsanso ntchito, kugwiritsanso ntchito, ndikubwezeretsanso zinthu. Amapezanso mapointi akagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangira kokhazikika.
Ubwino wa thanzi
Thanzi ndiye chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira ya LEED pomanga nyumba zobiriwira kudzathandiza anthu kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito m'malo abwino. Nyumba za LEED zimayang'ana kwambiri thanzi la anthu m'nyumba ndi panja.
Anthu amakhala pafupifupi 90% ya nthawi yawo m'nyumba. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zodetsa m'nyumba kungakhale kuwirikiza kawiri kapena kasanu kuposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zodetsa zakunja. Zotsatira za zinthu zodetsa zomwe zimapezeka mumlengalenga wa m'nyumba pa thanzi ndi mutu. Zotsatira zina ndi kutopa, matenda a mtima ndi matenda opuma.
LEED imawongolera mpweya wabwino m'nyumba kudzera mu dongosolo lake lowunikira. Nyumba zovomerezeka ndi LEED zapangidwa kuti zipereke mpweya wabwino komanso wabwino m'nyumba. LEED imalimbikitsanso kupanga malo omwe amalandira kuwala kwa dzuwa. Malo amenewa alibe mankhwala okwiyitsa omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu utoto.
Mu nyumba ya maofesi, malo abwino okhala m'nyumba amatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhudzidwa kwa antchito. Malo oterewa ali ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa. Ubwino wina wa nyumba zovomerezeka za LEED ndi monga kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amasunga antchito. Mu malo abwino otere, magwiridwe antchito a antchito nawonso ndi apamwamba.
Nyumba zovomerezeka ndi LEED zimatha kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino panja, makamaka m'madera otukuka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, LEED ndi yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa utsi. Ndikofunikanso kuti mpweya wa anthu onse ukhale wathanzi.
magwiridwe antchito azachuma
LEED ingathandize kusunga ndalama. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a LED kungachepetse kwambiri ndalama zamagetsi. Izi ndi zoona ndi njira zotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsira zomwe sizimawononga mphamvu zambiri. LEED imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira mphamvu komanso zosungira ndalama.
Nyumba za LEED zilinso ndi ndalama zochepa zokonzera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, poyerekeza ndi nyumba wamba zamalonda. Ndalama zogwirira ntchito za nyumba zobiriwira nazonso ndi zochepa.
Nyumba zovomerezeka ndi LEED zilinso ndi zolimbikitsa msonkho komanso zolimbikitsa. Maboma ambiri am'deralo amapereka maubwino awa. Maubwino awa akuphatikizapo ngongole za msonkho, kuchotsera ndalama zolipirira ndi ndalama zothandizira. Nyumbayi ingakhalenso ndi zilolezo zomangira mwachangu komanso kuchotsera ndalama zolipirira.
Malo ena amachita kafukufuku wa mphamvu. Chitsimikizo cha LEED chimalola nyumba kuti zisafufuzidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama za polojekiti zisungidwe. Nyumba za LEED zimawonjezeranso mtengo wa nyumbayo. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumbazi zimakopa anthu obwereka nyumba. Chiwerengero cha anthu osowa pokhala m'nyumba zobiriwira ndi chotsika poyerekeza ndi nyumba zomwe sizili zobiriwira.
Satifiketi ya LEED imaperekanso mwayi wopikisana. Posachedwapa, makasitomala akhala osamala kwambiri za chilengedwe. Anthu ambiri ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zowonjezera pa katundu ndi ntchito za makampani omwe amasamalanso za chilengedwe. Makasitomala ambiri amatanthauza ndalama zambiri.
chidule
LEED ndi imodzi mwa mapulojekiti apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi opititsa patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika pakupanga ndi kumanga nyumba. Chitsimikizo cha LEED chimasonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomangira zomwe zimalimbikitsa chuma chozungulira komanso zosawononga chilengedwe. Kupeza chitsimikizo kungathandize kukweza mbiri ya makontrakitala ndi eni nyumba.
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kokhazikika kwa zinthu, satifiketi ya LEED yakhala yofunika kwambiri. Imapindulitsa makampani omanga ndipo imatsegula njira yopezera makhalidwe abwino omanga nyumba zokhazikika. Kawirikawiri, LEED yadzipereka kuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi ndi lokhazikika komanso lathanzi.
Zachidziwikire, kuwonjezera pa LEED, dongosolo lowunikira nyumba zobiriwira padziko lonse lapansi limaphatikizaponso:Kuwunika kwa Nyumba Zobiriwira ku ChinaStandard GB50378-2014,Kuwunika kwa Nyumba Yobiriwira ku BritainDongosolo (BREE-AM),Dongosolo Lowunikira Magwiridwe Abwino a Nyumba Zaku Japan(CASBEE), ndiDongosolo Lowunikira Nyumba Zobiriwira ku France(HQE). Kuphatikiza apo, palinsoMalangizo omanga nyumba zachilengedwe ku Germanys LN B,Kuwunika kwa malo omanga nyumba ku Australiathupi N ABERS, ndiKuwunika kwa Zida za GB ku Canadadongosolo.
Gulu Lopanga Mapaipi Achitsulo la Tianjin Yuantai Derun Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group, monga m'modzi mwa opanga mapaipi ochepa ang'onoang'ono komanso amakona anayi ku China omwe adalandira satifiketi ya LEED koyambirira, makamaka amagulitsa zinthu zotsatirazi:
Chitoliro Chachikulu Chachikulu cha Yuantai
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha Yuantai chopanda msoko
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha Yuantai chapakatikati chokhuthala khoma
Chitoliro chachitsulo chamakona anayi cha Yuantai
Chitsulo cha Yuantai Brand chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopanda kanthu
Chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira cholunjika cha Yuantai
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-04-2023
