Plain carbon steel, often referred to as just carbon steel, is a fundamental material in metal manufacturing. Its composition is primarily iron and carbon, with trace amounts of manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus. Carbon content largely determines its mechanical properties. Low carbon content produces softer, more ductile steel. Higher carbon content increases hardness and strength but reduces ductility.
Mild steel represents the low-carbon end of the carbon steel spectrum. Typically containing 0.05–0.25% carbon, it is easy to weld, shape, and machine. Its low hardness makes it suitable for structural components, construction frameworks, and standard steel pipes. Medium and high-carbon steels contain 0.25–1.0% carbon. They are stronger but less ductile, so they are commonly used in machinery parts, gears, and tools.
The distinction between plain carbon steel and mild steel becomes clearer when examining specific properties:
|
Property |
Mild Steel |
Medium/High Carbon Steel |
|
Carbon Content |
0.05–0.25% |
0.25–1.0% |
|
Tensile Strength |
400–550 MPa |
600–1200 MPa |
|
Hardness |
Low |
High |
|
Weldability |
Excellent |
Limited |
|
Machinability |
Good |
Moderate |
|
Typical Uses |
Pipes, sheets, construction |
Gears, cutting tools, springs |
A mild steel ERW pipe is easy to bend and weld. In contrast, a medium carbon steel shaft is much harder and provides superior resistance to wear, making it suitable for high-stress applications.This distinction influences both manufacturing processes and end-use applications.
Plain carbon steel can also be compared with other materials. Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% chromium, offering strong corrosion resistance but at a higher cost, while carbon steel is more economical and works well with surface protection like galvanizing or painting.
Knowing the differences in chemical composition, mechanical properties, and typical applications helps engineers, designers, and buyers pick the appropriate steel. Mild steel, for example, is easy to shape and weld, making it ideal for structural projects.
Higher-carbon steel, however, stands up to stress and wear, suited for demanding components. In the end, plain carbon steel balances versatility with cost-efficiency. Mild steel makes fabrication straightforward, while stronger carbon variants offer enhanced durability. Understanding these distinctions ensures each material performs at its best.
Post time: Dec-12-2025
