Ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Paʻakikī o ka Paipu Kila Kalapona: He Alakaʻi Akamai

I nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā o kahi hale wili kila a i ʻole kahi kahua kūkulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka nānā maʻamau—ʻo ia ke ala wikiwiki loa e hōʻoia ai inā kūpono maoli kahi paipu no ke kumu. Inā ʻoe e nānā anaLSAW no kahi laina kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻolenā ʻāpana hakahakano kahi mōlina kahua pāʻani, haʻi pololei ka waiwai paʻakikī iā ʻoe pehea i mālama ʻia ai ke kila a pehea e hana ai i lalo o ke kaumaha.

Eia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loea o ke ʻano o kā mākou ana ʻana a me ke kumu he mea nui ia i kāu hopena. 

Kiʻi 1.Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka paipu kila kalapona i loko o kā mākou keʻena hoʻokolohua.

No ke aha e hiki ʻole ai iā mākou ke hoʻowahāwahā i ka paʻakikī

ʻAʻole wale ka paʻakikī e pili ana i ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻili; he "ala pōkole" ʻaʻole ia e luku i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻuhane mechanical o ka paipu.

Ka Manaʻo o ka Ikaika:Aia kahi pilina pololei a linear ma waena o ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika tensile (Rm). Ma ke kahua, hoʻohana pinepine mākou i ke kānāwai o ka manamana nui Rm≈ 3.45 × HB e kiʻi i kahi kuhi ikaika wikiwiki me ka ʻole o ka pono o kahi hoʻāʻo tensile piha.

Nā hewa o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wela:Inā manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono ʻia kahi pūʻulu o ASTM A106 akā ua paʻakikī loa ka hopena, hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ua hewa ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana a ʻaʻole like ka mahana o ka umu.

ʻO ka "Loulou Palupalu Loa" (Welds):I loko o nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ERW a i ʻole SSAW, ʻo ka Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) ka wahi pōʻino. Inā paʻakikī loa kēia wahi, lilo ia i mea palupalu. I loko o ka "lawelawe ʻawaʻawa" aila a me ke kinoea, he magnet ka weld paʻakikī loa no ka Hydrogen-Induced Cracking (HIC).

Nā ʻEkolu Nui: ʻO wai ke ʻano hana āu e hoʻohana ai?

1. Brinell (HBW) - ʻOi loa no nā mea hana nui

No nā papa kila maka a me nā paipu paia mānoanoa, ʻo Brinell ke kūlana gula. Hoʻohana ia i kahi pōpō tungsten carbide 10mm a me kahi ukana kaumaha (a hiki i 3000kg).

No ke aha e hana ai:Hoʻohālikelike ke kaha nui i ke ʻano o ka palaoa o ke kila, e hāʻawi ana iā ʻoe i kahi heluhelu "bulk" ma mua o kahi anomaly kūloko.

ʻO ke ʻano hana:

2. Rockwell (HRB/HRC) – Ke Aliʻi Hana

Inā makemake ʻoe i nā hopena i kekona ma kahi laina leo kiʻekiʻe, ʻo Rockwell ka pane. He ʻano heluhelu pololei ia ʻaʻole pono ke ana ʻana o ka optical.

HRB:Kūpono no nā kila palupalu e like me Q235.

HRC:Pono no nā kila paipu ikaika kiʻekiʻe (e like me API 5L X70) a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia.

3. Vickers (HV) – ʻO ka Lab Precisionist

Hoʻohana ʻo Vickers i kahi pyramid daimana a mālama pinepine ʻia no ka lab. Inā pono ʻoe e palapala i ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī ma waena o kahi humuhumu weld haiki e ʻike i kahi kikoʻī kahi i lilo ai ke kila i mea palupalu, ʻo Vickers wale nō ka mea hana no ka hana.

Papa Kuhikuhi: Paʻakikī maʻamau ma ka Papa

ʻOiai ke ʻokoʻa nā waiwai MTR (Mill Test Report) kikoʻī, eia nā pae hoʻohālikelike a mākou e ʻimi nei i nā māka maʻamau:

Manaʻo kōkua: No nā wahi "lawelawe ʻawaʻawa" H2S, ua kaupalena pono nā kūlana NACE MR0175 i ka paʻakikī ma22 HRC (ma kahi o 248 HV)e pale aku i ka nahā ʻana o ka Stress Corrosion.

Ke pale ʻana i ka "ʻIkepili Maikaʻi ʻole": Nā Rula Hoʻāʻo Kahua

No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena e kū maoli ana i kahi loiloi, pono ʻoe e kaohi i nā loli:

1.E pepehi i ka uhi:ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i kahipaipu galvanizedma o ka zinc. He palupalu ka zinc a e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi haʻahaʻa wahaheʻe. Pono ʻoe e wili i ka ʻili i lalo a hiki i ka metala kumu.

2.E nānā i ka mānoanoa:Inā lahilahi kou pā, e kahe ana ke koko o ka "hopena anvil" (ka paʻakikī o ke kākoʻo o ka mīkini) i loko o kāu hopena. Pono ka liʻiliʻi o ka pā o kāu paipu he 10 mau manawa mānoanoa ma mua o ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana.

3.E hoʻomanaʻo i ka mamao:Mai hoʻohui i kāu mau hoʻāʻo. Hoʻopaʻakikī kēlā me kēia hahau i ke kila a puni. E mālama i kāu mau kiko hoʻāʻo ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3 mau anawaena no ka heluhelu maʻemaʻe a kūʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī kāu pale mua e kūʻē i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā mea. Ma ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono—ʻo Brinell no ka ikaika nui, ʻo Rockwell no ka wikiwiki, a i ʻole ʻo Vickers no ka nānā ʻana i ka weld forensic—hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoe e kū ana kāu paipu kila kalapona i nā kūlana palekana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻenekinia hou.