E ai ki te American Petroleum Institute Standard API SPEC 5CT1988 putanga tuatahi, ka taea te wehewehe i te kounga maitai o te paipa hinu API 5CT kia tekau ngā momo, tae atu ki te H-40, J-55, K-55, N-80, C-75, L-80, C-90, C-95, P-110 me te Q-125. Ka tukuna e mātou te paipa me te ngongo API 5CT K55 me te miro me te hononga, ka tukuna rānei e mātou ā mātou hua i runga i ngā puka e whai ake nei hei kōwhiringa.
If you are interested in API 5CT K55 Casing Tubing, we will supply you with the best price based on the highest quality, welcome everyone to cantact us,E-mail:sales@ytdrgg.com,and Remote factory inspection or factory visit
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Ngongo Whakakī API 5CT K55
| NGĀ WHAKATAUTANGA NGONGO WHAKAPŪ API 5CT K55 | ||
| OD | 10.3mm-2032mm | |
| Ngā Paerewa | API 5CT, API 5L, ASTM A53, ASTM A106 | |
| Awhe Roa | 3-12M, i runga rānei i te hiahia o te kiritaki | |
| Te Āhua Rino (Ngā Āhua Anga, Ngā Āhua Ngongo) | Gr.A,Gr.B,Gr.C,X42,X52,X60,X65,X70 | |
| Momo Miro Tīwiri | Pito miro kore-whakaoho (NUE), Pito miro whakaoho o waho (EUE) | |
| Ngā Tohungatanga |
| |
| Whakamutunga Whakamutunga | Ngā Pito Whakaoho o Waho (EUE), Hononga Ātaahua, PH6 (me ngā hononga ōrite), Hononga Whakauru (IJ) | |
Te Whakaritenga mō te Kukū me te Pakari o te Ngongo Whakapūmau API 5CT K55
| Rōpū | Tau | Momo | Te roanga katoa i raro i te kawenga % | Kaha hua MPa | Kaha kume iti rawa MPa | Te pakeke mōrahi | Te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua mm | Te rerekētanga pakeke e whakaaetia ana e te HRC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| meneti | mōrahi | HRC | HBW | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 1 | H40 | - | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | - | - | - | - |
| J55 | - | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | - | - | - | - | |
| K55 | - | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | - | - | - | - | |
| N80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | - | - | - | - | |
| N80 | Q | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | - | - | - | - | |
| R95 | - | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | - | - | - | - | |
| 2 | M65 | - | 0.5 | 448 | 586 | 586 | 22 | 235 | - | - |
| L80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | - | - | |
| L80 | 9Cr | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | - | - | |
| L80 | 13Cr | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | - | - | |
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | ≤ 12.70 12.71 ki te 19.04 19.05 ki te 25.39 ≥ 25.40 | 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 | |
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | ≤ 12.70 12.71 ki te 19.04 19.05 ki te 25.39 ≥ 25.40 | 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 | |
| C110 | - | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | ≤ 12.70 12.71 ki 19.04 19.05 ki 25.39. ≥ 25.40 | 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 | |
| 3 | P110 | - | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | - | - | - | - |
| 4 | Q125 | 1 | 0.65 | 862 | 1034 | 931 | b | - | ≤ 12.70 12.71 ki te 19.04 ≥ 19.05 | 3.0 4.0 5.0 |
| aMēnā he tautohe, me whakamahi te whakamātautau pakeke o te taiwhanga Rockwell C hei tikanga whakatau. bKāore he rohe pakeke kua tohua, engari ko te rerekētanga mōrahi e herea ana i runga anō i te 7.8 me te 7.9 o te API Spec. 5CT. | ||||||||||
Ngā Ahu o te Ngongo K55
| Ngā Rahi o te Anga Paipa, Ngā Rahi o te Anga o te Mara Hinu me Ngā Rahi o te Anga o te Anga | |
|---|---|
| Te Diameter o Waho (Ngā Rahi o ngā Paipa Whakakī) | 4 1/2"-20", (114.3-508mm) |
| Ngā Rahi Paerewa o te Pouaka | 4 1/2"-20", (114.3-508mm) |
| Momo Miro | Anga miro tautoko, Anga miro porowhita roa, Anga miro porowhita poto |
| Mahi | Ka taea e ia te tiaki i te paipa. |
Ngongo Hinu mō ngā Ahumahi Hinu me te Hau Taiao
| Ingoa o ngā Paipa | Whakatakotoranga | Te Kaupae Rino | Paerewa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D | (T) | (R) | |||
| (mm) | (mm) | (m) | |||
| Paipa Whakatakoto Hinu | 127-508 | 5.21-16.66 | 6-12 | J55. M55.K55. L80. N80.P110. | API Spec 5CT (8) |
| Ngongo Hinu | 26.7-114.3 | 2.87-16.00 | 6-12 | J55. M55. K55. L80. N80. P110. | API Spec 5CT (8) |
| Hononga | 127-533.4 | 12.5-15 | 6-12 | J55. M55. K55. L80. N80. P110. | API Spec 5CT (8) |
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Ngongo Whakapūmau API 5CT K55
- Kei te wātea ngā ngongo API 5CT K55 me te awhe roa kore utu mai i te 8m ki te 13m i runga i te paerewa SY/T6194-96. Heoi, kei te wātea hoki te roa kāore i raro iho i te 6m, ā, kaua e neke atu i te 20% tōna rahinga.
- Kāore e whakaaetia kia puta ngā āhua rerekē kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei ki te mata o waho o te hononga ngongo API 5CT K55.
- Kāore e whakaaetia tetahi āhua rerekē pēnei i te raina makawe, te wehenga, te kopa, te ngatata, te papaki rānei ki ngā mata o roto, o waho hoki o te hua. Me tango katoa ēnei hapa katoa, ā, kaua te hohonu kua tangohia e neke ake i te 12.5% o te matotoru o te pakitara.
- Me maeneene te mata o te miro o te hononga me te Ngongo Whakapūmau API 5CT K55, kahore he koha, he haehae, he hapa rānei e pā kino ai ki te kaha me te piri o te hononga.
He mea nui kia tiakina e ngā kaiwhakahaere hinu me te hau ngā anga o ā rātou poka whakaputa mai i te waikura mā te whakamahi i te tiaki katote, ā, ko te mahi matua a ngā Ngongo Mara Hinu API 5CT he whakawhiti i te hinu me ngā hau.
Waehere Tae Paipa Rino API 5CT Grade K55
| Ingoa | J55 | K55 | N80-1 | N80-Q | L80-1 | P110 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Te anga | he whitiki matomato kanapa | e rua ngā whitiki matomato kanapa | he whitiki whero kanapa | he whitiki whero kanapa + he whitiki kakariki | he whitiki whero + he whitiki parauri | he whitiki mā kanapa |
| Hononga | hononga matomato katoa + he whitiki mā | hononga matomato katoa | hononga whero katoa | hononga whero katoa + he whitiki kakariki | hononga whero katoa + he whitiki parauri | hononga ma katoa |
Ngā whakatakotoranga ngongo anga ISO/API/ API 5CT K55
| Kōti | Dia o Waho | Taumaha ingoa (me te miro me te hononga) b,c | Matotoru o te Pakitara | Momo tukatuka mutunga | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mm | kg/m | mm | H40 | J55 | M65 | L80 | N801 | C90d | P110 | Q125d | ||
| In | Pauna/putu | K55 | C95 | N80Q | T95d | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 4-1-2 | 9.5 | 114.3 | 14.14 | 5.21 | S | S | S | - | - | - | - | - |
| 4-1-2 | 10.5 | 114.3 | 15.63 | 5.69 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 4-1-2 | 11.6 | 114.3 | 17.26 | 6.35 | - | SLB | - | LB | LB | - | LB | - |
| 4-1-2 | 13.5 | 114.3 | 20.09 | 7.37 | - | - | LB | - | LB | - | - | - |
| 4-1-2 | 15.1 | 114.3 | 22.47 | 8.56 | - | - | - | - | - | - | LB | LB |
| 5 | 11.5 | 127 | 17.11 | 5.59 | - | S | S | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | 13 | 127 | 19.35 | 6.43 | - | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | 15 | 127 | 22.32 | 7.52 | - | SLB | LB | - | - | - | LB | - |
| 5 | 18 | 127 | 26.79 | 9.19 | - | - | LB | - | LB | - | - | LB |
| 5 | 21.4 | 127 | 31.85 | 11.1 | - | - | LB | - | LB | - | - | LB |
| 5 | 23.2 | 127 | 34.53 | 12.14 | - | - | - | LB | - | - | - | LB |
| 5 | 24.1 | 127 | 35.86 | 12.7 | - | - | - | LB | - | - | - | LB |
| 5-1-2 | 14 | 139.7 | 20.83 | 6.2 | S | S | S | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5-1-2 | 15.5 | 139.7 | 23.07 | 6.98 | - | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5-1-2 | 17 | 139.7 | 25.3 | 7.72 | - | SLB | LB | - | - | LB | - | - |
| 5-1-2 | 20 | 139.7 | 29.76 | 9.17 | - | - | LB | - | LB | - | - | - |
| 5-1-2 | 23 | 139.7 | 34.23 | 10.54 | - | - | - | LB | - | LB | - | - |
| 6-5-8 | 20 | 168.28 | 29.76 | 7.32 | S | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 6-5-8 | 24 | 168.28 | 35.72 | 8.94 | - | SLB | LB | - | - | LB | - | - |
| 6-5-8 | 28 | 168.28 | 41.67 | 10.59 | - | - | - | - | LB | - | LB | - |
| 6-5-8 | 32 | 168.28 | 47.62 | 12.06 | - | - | - | LB | LB | |||
| 7 | 17 | 177.8 | 25.3 | 5.87 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7 | 20 | 177.8 | 29.76 | 6.91 | S | S | S | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7 | 23 | 177.8 | 34.23 | 8.05 | - | SLB | LB | LB | - | - | ||
| 7 | 26 | 177.8 | 38.69 | 9.19 | - | SLB | LB | LB | - | |||
| 7 | 29 | 177.8 | 43.16 | 10.36 | - | - | LB | LB | - | |||
| 7 | 32 | 177.8 | 47.62 | 11.51 | - | - | LB | LB | LB | - | ||
| 7 | 35 | 177.8 | 52.09 | 12.65 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | ||
| 7-5-8 | 24 | 193.68 | 35.72 | 7.62 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7-5-8 | 26.4 | 193.68 | 39.29 | 8.33 | - | SLB | LB | LB | - | |||
| 7-5-8 | 29.7 | 193.68 | 44.2 | 9.52 | - | - | LB | LB | - | |||
| 7-5-8 | 33.7 | 193.68 | 50.15 | 10.92 | - | - | LB | LB | - | |||
| 7-5-8 | 39 | 193.68 | 58.04 | 12.7 | - | - | - | LB | LB | |||
| 7-5-8 | 42.8 | 193.68 | 63.69 | 14.27 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | ||
| 7-5-8 | 45.3 | 193.68 | 67.41 | 15.11 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | ||
| 7-5-8 | 47.1 | 193.68 | 70.09 | 15.88 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | ||
| 8-5-8 | 24 | 219.08 | 35.72 | 6.71 | - | S | S | - | - | - | - | - |
| 8-5-8 | 28 | 219.08 | 41.67 | 7.72 | S | - | S | - | - | - | - | - |
| 8-5-8 | 32 | 219.08 | 47.62 | 8.94 | S | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 8-5-8 | 36 | 219.08 | 53.57 | 10.16 | - | SLB | SLB | LB | LB | - | ||
| 8-5-8 | 40 | 219.08 | 59.53 | 11.43 | - | - | LB | LB | - | |||
| 8-5-8 | 44 | 219.08 | 65.48 | 12.7 | - | - | - | LB | LB | |||
| 8-5-8 | 49 | 219.08 | 72.92 | 14.15 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | ||
| Paipa Whakapūmau API 5CT Codea | Paipa anga API 5CT Diameter o waho | Paipa anga API 5CT Taumaha noa (me te miro me te hononga) b,c | Paipa anga API 5CT Te matotoru o te pakitara | Paipa anga API 5CT Momo tukatuka mutunga | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mm | kg/m | mm | H40 | J55 | M65 | L80 | N80 | C90d | P110 | Q125d | ||
| In | Pauna/putu | K55 | C95 | 1, Q | T95d | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 9-5-8 | 32.3 | 244.48 | 48.07 | 7.92 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9-5-8 | 36 | 244.48 | 53.57 | 8.94 | S | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9-5-8 | 40 | 244.48 | 59.53 | 10.03 | - | SLB | SLB | LB | LB | LB | - | - |
| 9-5-8 | 43.5 | 244.48 | 64.73 | 11.05 | - | - | LB | LB | LB | LB | LB | - |
| 9-5-8 | 47 | 244.48 | 69.94 | 11.99 | - | - | LB | LB | LB | LB | LB | LB |
| 9-5-8 | 53.5 | 244.48 | 79.62 | 13.84 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | LB | LB |
| 9-5-8 | 58.4 | 244.48 | 86.91 | 15.11 | - | - | - | LB | LB | LB | LB | LB |
| 10-3-4 | 32.75 | 273.05 | 48.74 | 7.09 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10-3-4 | 40.5 | 273.05 | 60.27 | 8.89 | S | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10-3-4 | 45.5 | 273.05 | 67.71 | 10.16 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10-3-4 | 51 | 273.05 | 75.9 | 11.43 | - | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | - |
| 10-3-4 | 55.5 | 273.05 | 82.59 | 12.57 | - | - | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | - |
| 10-3-4 | 60.7 | 273.05 | 90.33 | 13.84 | - | - | - | - | - | SB | SB | SB |
| 10-3-4 | 65.7 | 273.05 | 97.77 | 15.11 | - | - | - | - | - | SB | SB | SB |
| 11-3-4 | 42 | 298.45 | 62.5 | 8.46 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11-3-4 | 47 | 298.45 | 69.94 | 9.53 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11-3-4 | 54 | 298.45 | 80.36 | 11.05 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11-3-4 | 60 | 298.45 | 89.29 | 12.42 | - | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB |
| 13-3-8 | 48 | 339.72 | 71.43 | 8.38 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 13-3-8 | 54.5 | 339.72 | 81.1 | 9.65 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 13-3-8 | 61 | 339.72 | 90.78 | 10.92 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 13-3-8 | 68 | 339.72 | 101.19 | 12.19 | - | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB | - |
| 13-3-8 | 72 | 339.72 | 107.15 | 13.06 | - | - | - | SB | SB | SB | SB | SB |
| 16 | 65 | 406.4 | 96.73 | 9.53 | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 16 | 75 | 406.4 | 111.61 | 11.13 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 16 | 84 | 406.4 | 125.01 | 12.57 | - | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18-5-8 | 87.5 | 473.08 | 130.21 | 11.05 | S | SB | SB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20 | 94 | 508 | 139.89 | 11.13 | SL | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20 | 106.5 | 508 | 158.49 | 12.7 | - | SLB | SLB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20 | 133 | 508 | 197.93 | 16.13 | - | SLB | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| S-Miro porowhita poto, L-Miro porowhita roa, B-Miro tautoko | ||||||||||||
| a. Ka whakamahia te waehere hei tohutoro tono. | ||||||||||||
| b. Ko te taumaha ingoa o te anga miro me te anga honohono (pou 2) e whakaaturia ana hei tohutoro anake. | ||||||||||||
| c. He rerekē te mātotoru o te maitai chromium martensitic (L80 9Cr me te 13Cr) i te maitai waro. Ehara te taumaha e whakaaturia ana o te maitai chromium martensitic i te uara tika. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tauwehenga whakatikatika papatipu 0.989. | ||||||||||||
| d. Me whakarato te anga maitai C90, T95 me te Q125 kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga, te taumaha me te matotoru o te pakitara kua whakarārangihia ki te ripanga i runga ake nei, ki te ota rānei. | ||||||||||||
Te Hanganga Matū o te API 5CT K55
| Rōpū | Tau | Momo | C | Mn | Mo | Cr | Kāore i te mōrahi. | Te mōrahi o te Cu | P mōrahi | S mōrahi | Si mōrahi. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| meneti | mōrahi | meneti | mōrahi | meneti | mōrahi | meneti | mōrahi | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1 | H40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - |
| J55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | |
| K55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | |
| N80 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | |
| N80 | Q | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | |
| R95 | - | - | 0.45 karamu | - | 1.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.45 | |
| 2 | M65 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - |
| L80 | 1 | - | 0.43 a | - | 1.9 | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.45 | |
| L80 | 9Cr | - | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 8 | 10 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1 | |
| L80 | 13Cr | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 1 | - | - | 12 | 14 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1 | |
| C90 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.2 | 0.25 b | 0.85 | - | 1.5 | 0.99 | - | 0.02 | 0.01 | - | |
| T95 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.2 | 0.25 rā | 0.85 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.99 | - | 0.02 | 0.01 | - | |
| C110 | - | - | 0.35 | - | 1.2 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.99 | - | 0.02 | 0.005 | - | |
| 3 | P110 | e | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 e | 0.030 e | - |
| 4 | Q125 | 1 | - | 0.35 | 1.35 | - | 0.85 | - | 1.5 | 0.99 | - | 0.02 | 0.01 | - | |
| Ka taea te whakanui ake i te ihirangi waro mō te L80 ki te 0.50% te mōrahi mēnā ka tineia te hua ki te hinu. b Kāore he ātete iti rawa mō te ihirangi molybdenum mō te Tau C90 Momo 1 mēnā he iti iho i te 17.78 mm te matotoru o te pakitara. c Ka taea te whakanui ake i te ihirangi waro mō te R95 ki te 0.55% te mōrahi mēnā ka tineia te hua ki te hinu. Ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te molybdenum mō te T95 Momo 1 ki te 0.15% iti rawa mēnā he iti iho te matotoru o te pakitara i te 17.78 mm. Mō te EW Grade P110, ko te nui o te phosphorus me 0.020% te mōrahi, ā, ko te nui o te whanariki me 0.010%. NL = kāore he rohe. Me whakaatu ngā huānga e whakaaturia ana i roto i te tātaritanga hua. | |||||||||||||||
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-Mīhini API 5CT k55 Gr.
| Paerewa Whakatakotoranga API 5CT | Momo | Kaha Kukū o te Āpiti API 5CT MPa | Kaha Tukunga o te API 5CT MPa | Te Pakari o te Whakatakotoranga API 5CT Mōrahi. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| API SPEC 5CT | J55 | ≥517 | 379 ~ 552 | ---- |
| K55 | ≥517 | ≥655 | --- | |
| N80 | ≥689 | 552 ~ 758 | --- | |
| L80(13Cr) | ≥655 | 552 ~ 655 | ≤241HB | |
| P110 | ≥862 | 758 ~ 965 | ---- |
He mea nui ki te kamupene te kounga o ngā hua, he nui te haumi ki te whakaurunga o ngā taputapu matatau me ngā tohunga ngaio, ā, ka whakapau kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki i te kāinga me tāwāhi.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te ihirangi ki: te hanganga matū, te kaha tuku, te kaha kume, te āhuatanga pānga, me ētahi atu
I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki e te kamupene te whakahaere i te kimi hapa me te whakamahana me ētahi atu tukanga maimoatanga wera i runga ipurangi e ai ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
https://www.ytdrintl.com/
Ī-mēra:sales@ytdrgg.com
Tianjin YuantaiDerun Steel Tube Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd.he wheketere paipa rino kua whakamanahia eEN/ASTM/ JISHe tohunga ki te whakaputa me te kaweake i ngā momo paipa tapawhā tapawhā katoa, paipa piauau, paipa whakarewa ERW, paipa porowhita, paipa whakarewa pewa ruku, paipa tuitui tika, paipa tui, koiri maitai pania tae, koiri maitai piauau me ētahi atu hua maitai. Mā te kawe waka watea, e 190 kiromita te tawhiti atu i te taunga rererangi o Beijing Capital International me te 80 kiromita te tawhiti atu i Tianjin Xingang.
Waeaatu:+8613682051821









































