1. Njira Yowunikira Nyumba Zobiriwira Zakunja
M'mayiko akunja, njira zowunikira nyumba zobiriwira zimaphatikizapo njira yowunikira ya BREEAM ku UK, njira yowunikira ya LEED ku US, ndi njira yowunikira ya CASBEE ku Japan.
（1） Dongosolo Lowunikira la BREEAM ku UK
Cholinga cha dongosolo lowunikira la BREEAM ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kwa nyumba, ndikutsimikizira ndikupereka mphoto kwa omwe adachita bwino kwambiri pakupanga, kumanga, ndi kukonza poika zigoli. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kumvetsetsa ndi kuvomereza, BREEAM imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira yowonekera bwino, yotseguka, komanso yosavuta. "Zigamulo zonse zowunikira" zimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa zigamulo zowunikira posintha BREEAM kutengera kusintha kogwira ntchito. Ngati nyumba yowunikidwayo ikukwaniritsa kapena kukwaniritsa zofunikira za muyezo winawake wowunikira, idzalandira zigoli zina, ndipo zigoli zonse zidzasonkhanitsidwa kuti zipeze zigoli zomaliza. BREEAM ipereka magawo asanu owunikira kutengera zigoli zomaliza zomwe nyumbayo yapeza, zomwe ndi "pass", "good", "excellent", "outstanding", ndi "Outstanding". Pomaliza, BREEAM ipatsa nyumba yowunikidwayo "chiyeneretso chowunikira" chovomerezeka.
（2） Dongosolo lowunikira la LEED ku United States
Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chofotokozera ndi kuyeza mulingo wa "wobiriwira" wa nyumba zokhazikika popanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yodziwika bwino, zida, ndi miyezo yowunikira magwiridwe antchito a nyumba, bungwe la American Green Building Association (USGBC) linayambitsa kulemba Energy and Environmental Design Pioneer mu 1995. Kutengera njira yowunikira ya BREEAM ku UK ndi muyezo wowunikira wa BEPAC womanga magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe ku Canada, njira yowunikira ya LEED yapangidwa.
1. Zomwe zili mu dongosolo lowunikira la LEED
Poyamba kukhazikitsidwa kwake, LEED inkangoyang'ana kwambiri pa nyumba zatsopano ndi mapulojekiti okonzanso nyumba (LEED-NC). Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa dongosololi, pang'onopang'ono idakula kukhala zisanu ndi chimodzi zogwirizana koma ndi kutsindika kosiyana pa miyezo yowunikira.
2. Makhalidwe a dongosolo lowunikira la LEED
LEED ndi njira yowunikira nyumba zobiriwira yomwe imagwirizana payekha, komanso yoyendetsedwa ndi msika. Njira yowunikira, mfundo zosungira mphamvu komanso zoteteza chilengedwe zomwe zaperekedwa, ndi njira zina zokhudzana nazo zimachokera ku ntchito zamakono zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wamakono, komanso kuyesetsa kupeza mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kudalira miyambo yakale ndikulimbikitsa malingaliro atsopano.
TianjinYuantai DerunSteel Pipe Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd. ndi imodzi mwa mabizinesi ochepa ku China omwe ali ndi satifiketi ya LEED. Mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, kuphatikizapomapaipi ozungulira, mapaipi amakona anayi, mapaipi ozungulirandimapaipi achitsulo osakhazikika, zonse zikukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera ya nyumba zobiriwira kapena nyumba zobiriwira zamakanika. Kwa ogula mapulojekiti ndi mainjiniya, ndikofunikira kwambiri kugula mapaipi achitsulo omwe akukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera ya nyumba zobiriwira, Izi zimatsimikizira mwachindunji momwe polojekiti yanu imagwirira ntchito yobiriwira komanso yosawononga chilengedwe. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza pulojekiti ya mapaipi obiriwira achitsulo, chonde.Lumikizanani ndi manejala wa makasitomala athu nthawi yomweyo
（3）Kachitidwe Kowunikira Katswiri wa ...
Njira yowunikira momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito ya CaseBee (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) ku Japan imayesa nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso masikelo osiyanasiyana kutengera tanthauzo la "kusamalira chilengedwe". Imayesa kuwunika momwe nyumba zimagwirira ntchito pochepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kudzera munjira zomwe sizili ndi magwiridwe antchito okwanira pa chilengedwe.
Imagawa njira yowunikira kukhala Q (kumanga magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe, khalidwe) ndi LR (kuchepetsa katundu wa chilengedwe cha nyumba). Magwiridwe antchito ndi khalidwe la malo omanga ndi awa:
Q1 - malo okhala mkati;
Q2- Kugwira ntchito kwautumiki;
Q3- Malo akunja.
Udindo wa chilengedwe cha nyumbayo umaphatikizapo:
LR1- Mphamvu;
LR2- Zothandizira, Zipangizo;
LR3- Malo akunja a malo omangira. Pulojekiti iliyonse ili ndi zinthu zingapo zazing'ono.
CaseBee imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira mfundo 5. Kukwaniritsa zofunikira zochepa kumawerengedwa ngati 1; Kufika pamlingo wapakati kumawerengedwa ngati 3.
Chigoli chomaliza cha Q kapena LR cha polojekiti yomwe ikutenga nawo mbali ndi chiŵerengero cha zigoli za chinthu chilichonse chochulukitsidwa ndi ma coefficients awo ofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale SQ ndi SLR. Zotsatira za zigoli zikuwonetsedwa mu tebulo lofotokozera, kenako mphamvu ya nyumbayo, mwachitsanzo mtengo wa Bee, ikhoza kuwerengedwa.
Zigoli zazing'ono za Q ndi LR mu CaseBee zitha kuperekedwa ngati tchati cha bar, pomwe mitengo ya Bee ikhoza kufotokozedwa mu dongosolo logwirizana la binary ndi magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe, khalidwe, ndi katundu wa chilengedwe monga ma axes a x ndi y, ndipo kukhazikika kwa nyumbayo kumatha kuyesedwa kutengera malo ake.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-11-2023
