Indlela yokususa ioyile kumphezulu wetyhubhu yesikwere

Akunakuphepheka ukuba umphezulu wetyhubhu engunxande ugqunywe ngeoyile, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela umgangatho wokususwa komhlwa kunye ne-phosphating. Okulandelayo, siza kuchaza indlela yokususwa kweoyile kumphezulu wetyhubhu engunxande engezantsi.

umbhobho wesikwere omnyama ofakwe ioyile

(1) Ukucoca izinyibilikisi zendalo

Isebenzisa ikakhulu izinyibilikisi zendalo ukunyibilikisa ioyile exutywe ne-saponified kunye ne-unsaponified ukususa amabala eoyile. Izinyibilikisi zendalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka i-ethanol, ipetroli yokucoca, i-toluene, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-trichlorethylene, njl. Izinyibilikisi ezisebenzayo ngakumbi yi-carbon tetrachloride kunye ne-trichlorethylene, ezingayi kutsha kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukususa ioyile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva kokususwa kweoyile yi-organic solvent, kufuneka kususwe ioyile eyongezelelweyo. Xa i-solvent itshintsha kumphezulu we-oyileityhubhu engunxande, kudla ngokubakho ifilimu encinci eseleyo, enokususwa kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo ezifana nokucoca i-alkali kunye nokususwa kweoyile ye-electrochemical.

(2) Ukucoca nge-electrochemical

Ukususwa kweoyile yeCathode okanye ukusetyenziswa ngenye indlela kweanode kunye necathode kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Igesi yehydrogen eyahlulwe kwi-cathode okanye igesi yeoksijini eyahlulwe kwi-anode nge-electrochemical reaction ivuselelwa ngoomatshini sisicombululo esikumphezulu we-ityhubhu engunxandeukukhuthaza ibala leoyile ukuba liphume kumphezulu wesinyithi. Kwangaxeshanye, isisombululo sitshintshaniswa rhoqo, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukusabela kwe-saponification kunye ne-emulsification yeoyile. Ioyile eseleyo iya kwahlulwa kumphezulu wesinyithi phantsi kwempembelelo yamaqamza ahlukanisiweyo rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokunciphisa i-cathodic, i-hydrogen idla ngokungena kwisinyithi, ibangele ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen, i-cathode kunye ne-anode zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukususa ioyile ngokutshintshana.

(3) Ukucoca i-alkaline

Indlela yokucoca esekelwe kwisenzo seekhemikhali se-alkali isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokufumaneka lula kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ekubeni inkqubo yokuhlamba i-alkali ixhomekeke kwi-saponification, i-emulsification kunye neminye imisebenzi, i-alkali enye ayinakusetyenziswa ukufezekisa ukusebenza okungentla. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezinto zihlala zisetyenziswa, kwaye ezinye izinto ezifana ne-surfactants ngamanye amaxesha zongezwa. I-alkalinity imisela ubungakanani be-saponification reaction, kwaye i-alkalinity ephezulu inciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu phakathi kweoyile kunye nesisombululo, okwenza kube lula ukuyi-emulsify ioyile. Ukongeza, i-arhente yokucoca isala kumphezulu we-icandelo elinomqolo elingenantoingasuswa ngokuhlanjwa ngamanzi emva kokuhlamba nge-alkali.

(4) Ukucoca i-surfactant

Yindlela yokususa ioyile esetyenziswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa iimpawu ze-surfactant ezifana noxinzelelo oluphantsi lomphezulu, ukufuma kakuhle kunye nokukwazi ukuxuba okunamandla. Ngokusebenzisa i-surfactant emulsification, imaski yobuso edibanisa ubuso enamandla athile iyenziwa kwi-interface yeoyile-water ukuze itshintshe imeko ye-interface, ukuze amasuntswana eoyile asasazeke kwisisombululo samanzi ukuze enze i-emulsion. Okanye ngesenzo sokunyibilikisa se-surfactant, ibala leoyile alinyibiliki emanzini kwi-interface.ityhubhu engunxandeiyanyibilika kwi-surfactant micelle, ukuze idlulisele ibala leoyile kwisisombululo samanzi.


Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-15-2022