(1) Nhicha ihe mgbaze organic

Ọ na-ejikarị ihe mgbaze organic agbaze mmanụ saponified na nke a na-anaghị asapụ iji wepụ ntụpọ mmanụ. Ihe mgbaze organic a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere ethanol, mmanụ na-ehicha mmanụ, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, wdg. Ihe mgbaze ndị ka mma bụ carbon tetrachloride na trichlorethylene, nke na-agaghị agba ọkụ ma enwere ike iji ya wepụ mmanụ n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na mgbe ewepụrụ mmanụ site na ihe mgbaze organic, a ga-ewepụkwa mmanụ mgbakwunye. Mgbe ihe mgbaze ahụ gbawara n'eluakụkụ anọ tube, enwere ihe mkpuchi dị gịrịgịrị fọdụrụ, nke enwere ike iwepụ n'ime usoro ndị a dịka nhicha alkali na iwepụ mmanụ elektrọnik.

(2) Ịsacha elektrọnik

A na-ejikarị mwepụ mmanụ cathode ma ọ bụ iji anode na cathode eme ihe ọzọ. A na-akpali gas hydrogen nke kewara na cathode ma ọ bụ gas oxygen nke kewara na anode site na mmeghachi omume electrochemical site na igwe site na ngwọta dị n'eluakụkụ anọ tubeiji mee ka ntụpọ mmanụ si n'elu ígwè pụta. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-agbanwe ihe ngwọta ahụ mgbe niile, nke na-eme ka mmeghachi omume saponification na emulsification nke mmanụ ahụ dị mma. A ga-ekewapụ mmanụ fọdụrụ na elu ígwè ahụ n'okpuru mmetụta nke afụ na-ekewapụ mgbe niile. Agbanyeghị, n'usoro nke iwepụ mmanụ na katodic, hydrogen na-abanyekarị n'ime ígwè ahụ, na-akpata mwepụ hydrogen. Iji gbochie mwepụ hydrogen, a na-ejikarị katode na anode ewepụ mmanụ n'otu oge.

(3) Nhicha alkaline

A na-eji usoro nhicha nke dabere na mmetụta kemịkalụ nke alkali eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ihi ojiji ya dị mfe, ọnụ ahịa dị ala na nnweta dị mfe nke ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na usoro ịsa alkali dabere na saponification, emulsification na ọrụ ndị ọzọ, enweghị ike iji otu alkali nweta arụmọrụ dị n'elu. A na-ejikarị ọtụtụ ihe eme ihe, a na-agbakwụnyekwa ihe mgbakwunye dị ka surfactants mgbe ụfọdụ. Alkalinity na-ekpebi ogo mmeghachi omume saponification, nnukwu alkalinity na-ebelata nrụgide elu dị n'etiti mmanụ na ngwọta, na-eme ka mmanụ dị mfe emulsify. Na mgbakwunye, ihe nhicha ahụ na-anọgide n'eluakụkụ anọ oghereenwere ike iwepụ ya site na ịsa mmiri mgbe ịsachara alkali.

(4) Nhicha ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri

Ọ bụ ụzọ e si ewepụ mmanụ site n'iji njirimara nke surfactant dịka obere nrụgide elu, ezigbo mmiri mmiri na ikike emulsifying siri ike. Site na emulsification nke surfactant, a na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi ihu interfacial nwere ike ụfọdụ na njikọ mmanụ na mmiri iji gbanwee ọnọdụ nke njikọ ahụ, ka mkpụrụ mmanụ wee gbasaa na mmiri mmiri iji mepụta emulsion. Ma ọ bụ site na ọrụ ịgbaze nke surfactant, ntụpọ mmanụ ahụ agaghị agbaze na mmiri na-agbaze.akụkụ anọ tubea na-agbaze n'ime micelle surfactant, ka e wee bufee ntụpọ mmanụ ahụ na mmiri mmiri.