Abstract: Cov qauv hlau yog ib lub qauv uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau thiab yog ib hom qauv tsev tseem ceeb. Cov qauv hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, lub teeb yuag, zoo tag nrho kev tawv, muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tau zoo, thiab lwm yam, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tsev loj, siab heev thiab hnyav heev. Cov khoom siv xav tau rau cov qauv hlau Lub zog ntsuas yog raws li lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Tom qab cov yas ntawm hlau tshaj qhov taw tes, nws muaj cov khoom ntawm kev hloov pauv yas tseem ceeb yam tsis tawg.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv hlau yog dab tsi?
1. Cov khoom siv muaj zog thiab lub teeb yuag. Hlau muaj lub zog siab thiab cov modulus elastic siab. Piv nrog cov pob zeb thiab ntoo, nws qhov ceev rau qhov muaj zog piv yog qhov tsawg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tib qho kev ntxhov siab, cov qauv hlau muaj qhov me me, lub teeb yuag, yooj yim thauj mus los thiab teeb tsa, thiab nws tsim nyog rau cov qauv nrog qhov dav loj, qhov siab siab thiab cov khoom hnyav.
Cov khoom siv rau cov qauv hlau
1. Lub Zog Qhov ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev txwv elastic σe, kev txwv yield σy, thiab kev txwv tensile σu. Tus qauv tsim yog raws li lub zog yield ntawm cov hlau. Lub zog yield siab tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv, txuag hlau thiab txo cov nqi tsim kho. Lub zog tensile ou yog qhov kev ntxhov siab siab tshaj plaws uas cov hlau tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej nws puas tsuaj. Lub sijhawm no, cov qauv poob nws qhov siv tau vim yog cov yas deformation loj, tab sis cov qauv deforms heev yam tsis muaj kev tawg, thiab yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov qauv kom tiv taus cov av qeeg tsawg.
cov qauv hlau h beam
2. Kev ua yas
Feem ntau, qhov plasticity ntawm cov hlau yog hais txog cov khoom uas tom qab kev ntxhov siab tshaj qhov taw tes tawm, nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas deformation yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Cov cim qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv yas ntawm cov hlau yog elongation ō thiab cross-sectional shrinkage ψ.
3. Kev ua haujlwm txias
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev khoov txias ntawm cov hlau yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov hlau rau cov kab nrib pleb thaum cov yas deformation yog tsim los ntawm kev ua cov txheej txheem khoov ntawm chav tsev kub. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev khoov txias ntawm cov hlau yog siv cov kev sim khoov txias los sim qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev khoov deformation ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv qhov degree khoov tshwj xeeb.
4. Kev cuam tshuam tawv
Qhov kev cuam tshuam toughness ntawm hlau yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm hlau los nqus cov zog kinetic thaum lub sijhawm tawg hauv qab qhov cuam tshuam. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv kho tshuab uas ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm hlau rau qhov cuam tshuam load, uas yuav ua rau tawg brittle vim qhov kub qis thiab kev ntxhov siab concentration. Feem ntau, qhov cuam tshuam toughness index ntawm hlau yog tau los ntawm kev sim cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv txheem.
5. Kev Ua Tau Zoo ntawm Kev Vuam Hlau Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam hlau yog hais txog qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm kev vuam uas muaj kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev vuam. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam thaum lub sijhawm vuam thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam raws li kev siv. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam thaum lub sijhawm vuam yog hais txog qhov rhiab heev ntawm kev vuam thiab cov hlau nyob ze ntawm qhov vuam kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab nrib pleb thermal lossis cov kab nrib pleb txias thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev vuam, tsis yog cov hlau vuam lossis cov khoom niam txiv nyob ze yuav tsis tsim cov kab nrib pleb. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam hauv kev siv kev ua tau zoo yog hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov vuam thiab qhov ductility hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau hauv thaj chaw vuam thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm cua sov yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua li cov khoom niam txiv. Kuv lub tebchaws siv txoj kev xeem kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam thiab kuj siv txoj kev xeem kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev vuam hauv cov khoom siv.
6. Kev ruaj khov
Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau. Thawj qhov yog tias cov hlau tsis kam tiv taus xeb, thiab yuav tsum tau ua cov kev tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv kev xeb thiab xeb ntawm cov hlau. Cov kev tiv thaiv suav nrog: kev saib xyuas cov xim hlau tsis tu ncua, siv cov hlau galvanized, thiab cov kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thaum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog xws li kua qaub, alkali, thiab ntsev. Piv txwv li, lub platform offshore siv cov kev ntsuas "anodic tiv thaiv" los tiv thaiv kev xeb ntawm lub tsho. Cov zinc ingots raug kho rau ntawm lub tsho, thiab cov electrolyte dej hiav txwv yuav cia li xeb cov zinc ingots ua ntej, yog li ua tiav lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tsho hlau. Qhov thib ob, vim tias lub zog puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlau qis dua li lub zog luv luv hauv qab qhov kub siab thiab lub nra hnyav ntev, yuav tsum ntsuas lub zog ntev ntawm cov hlau hauv qab qhov kub siab ntev. Cov hlau yuav cia li tawv thiab tawg yooj yim dhau sijhawm, uas yog qhov tshwm sim "laus". Yuav tsum tau sim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau hauv qab qhov kub qis.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-27-2025
