Chidule: Kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndi kapangidwe kopangidwa ndi zipangizo zachitsulo ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu ya zomangamanga. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo kali ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulemera kopepuka, kuuma bwino, kuthekera kosintha zinthu mwamphamvu, ndi zina zotero, kotero kangagwiritsidwe ntchito kumanga nyumba zazikulu, zazitali kwambiri komanso zolemera kwambiri. Zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chitsulo Mphamvu ya chitsulo imachokera ku mphamvu ya chitsulo. Chitsulo chikapitirira pulasitiki, chimakhala ndi mphamvu ya pulasitiki yochuluka popanda kusweka.
Kodi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndi otani?
1. Mphamvu ya zinthu zambiri komanso kulemera kopepuka. Chitsulo chili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso modulus yotanuka kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi konkire ndi matabwa, chiŵerengero chake cha kukhuthala ndi mphamvu yobereka chimakhala chochepa. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa zovuta zomwezo, kapangidwe ka chitsulo kali ndi gawo laling'ono, kulemera kopepuka, kunyamula mosavuta ndi kuyika, ndipo ndi koyenera nyumba zokhala ndi mipata yayikulu, kutalika kwambiri komanso katundu wolemera.
Zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chitsulo
1. Mphamvu Mphamvu ya chitsulo imapangidwa ndi malire otanuka σe, malire otulutsa σy, ndi malire otulutsa σu. Kapangidwe kake kamadalira mphamvu ya chitsulo. Mphamvu yotulutsa kwambiri imatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa kapangidwe kake, kusunga chitsulo ndikuchepetsa ndalama zomangira. Mphamvu yotulutsa ou ndiye kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe chitsulocho chingapirire chisanawonongeke. Pakadali pano, kapangidwe kake kamataya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki, koma kapangidwe kake kamasokonekera kwambiri popanda kugwa, ndipo kayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kake kuti kasagwere zivomezi zosachitika kawirikawiri.
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2. Kusungunuka kwa pulasitiki
Kusungunuka kwa chitsulo nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza mphamvu yomwe pambuyo poti kupsinjika kwapitirira pamlingo wofunikira, imakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki popanda kusweka. Zizindikiro zazikulu zoyezera mphamvu ya kusintha kwa pulasitiki kwa chitsulo ndi elongation ō ndi cross-sectional shrinkage ψ.
3. Kugwira ntchito kozizira kopindika
Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kozizira ka chitsulo ndi muyeso wa kukana kwa chitsulo ku ming'alu pamene kusintha kwa pulasitiki kumachitika chifukwa cha kupindika kutentha kwa chipinda. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kozizira ka chitsulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayeso ozizira opindika kuti ayesere kusintha kwa chitsulo pansi pa digiri inayake yopindika.
4. Kulimba kwa mphamvu
Kulimba kwa chitsulo kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa chitsulo kuyamwa mphamvu ya makina panthawi yosweka pansi pa katundu wokhudzidwa. Ndi mphamvu ya makina yomwe imayesa kukana kwa chitsulo ku katundu wokhudzidwa, zomwe zingayambitse kusweka kosalimba chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komanso kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika. Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro cha kulimba kwa chitsulo chimapezeka kudzera mu mayeso a kukhudzidwa kwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino.
5. Kugwira ntchito yolumikiza Kugwira ntchito yolumikiza chitsulo kumatanthauza cholumikizira cholumikizira chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yolumikizira. Kugwira ntchito yolumikiza kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kugwira ntchito yolumikiza panthawi yolumikiza ndi kugwira ntchito yolumikiza malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kugwira ntchito yolumikiza panthawi yolumikiza kumatanthauza kukhudzidwa kwa cholumikizira ndi chitsulo pafupi ndi cholumikizira kuti chisapange ming'alu ya kutentha kapena kuzizira kwa ming'alu panthawi yolumikiza. Kuchita bwino kolumikiza kumatanthauza kuti pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yolumikizira, chitsulo cholumikizira kapena chinthu cholumikizira chapafupi sichipanga ming'alu. Kuchita bwino kolumikiza kumatanthauza kulimba kwa mphamvu pa cholumikizira ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimafuna kuti mawonekedwe a makina a chitsulo mu cholumikizira ndi malo olumikizira kutentha asakhale otsika kuposa a chinthu cholumikizira. Dziko langa limagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera magwiridwe antchito a cholumikizira ndipo limagwiritsanso ntchito njira yoyesera magwiridwe antchito a cholumikizira malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
6. Kulimba
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kulimba kwa chitsulo. Choyamba ndi chakuti kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulo ndi kofooka, ndipo njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti chitsulo chisawonongeke ndi dzimbiri. Njira zodzitetezera zikuphatikizapo: kusamalira utoto wachitsulo nthawi zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimba, ndi njira zapadera zodzitetezera pamaso pa zinthu zolimba zowononga monga asidi, alkali, ndi mchere. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ka nsanja ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja kamagwiritsa ntchito njira za "chitetezo cha anodic" kuti chisawonongeke ndi jekete. Zinc ingots zimakhazikika pa jekete, ndipo electrolyte ya m'madzi a m'nyanja imayamba kuwononga zinc ingots, motero kukwaniritsa ntchito yoteteza jekete lachitsulo. Kachiwiri, chifukwa mphamvu yowononga yachitsulo ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yanthawi yochepa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi katundu wanthawi yayitali, mphamvu yanthawi yayitali yachitsulo pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwanthawi yayitali iyenera kuyezedwa. Chitsulo chidzakhala cholimba komanso chofooka pakapita nthawi, chomwe ndi "kukalamba". Kulimba kwa chitsulo pansi pa kutentha kochepa kuyenera kuyesedwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-27-2025
