Isifinyezo: Isakhiwo sensimbi siyisakhiwo esakhiwe ngezinto zensimbi futhi singenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zokwakha. Isakhiwo sensimbi sinezici zamandla aphezulu, isisindo esilula, ukuqina okuhle okuphelele, ikhono lokuguquguquka eliqinile, njll., ngakho-ke singasetshenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu, eziphakeme kakhulu nezisindayo kakhulu. Izidingo zezinto zokwakha zesakhiwo sensimbi Inkomba yamandla isekelwe emandleni okukhiqiza ensimbi. Ngemva kokuba i-plasticity yensimbi idlule iphuzu lokukhiqiza, iba sesimweni sokuguquguquka okukhulu kwepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuphuka.
Yiziphi izici zesakhiwo sensimbi
1. Amandla aphezulu ezinto zokwakha kanye nesisindo esincane. Insimbi inamandla aphezulu kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu. Uma iqhathaniswa nokhonkolo kanye nokhuni, isilinganiso sayo sokuqina kokukhiqiza siphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokucindezeleka, isakhiwo sensimbi sinesigaba esincane, isisindo esincane, ukuthuthwa nokufakwa okulula, futhi kufanelekile ezakhiweni ezinezikhawu ezinkulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo.
Izidingo zezinto zokwakha zensimbi
1. Amandla Inkomba yamandla ensimbi yakhiwe umkhawulo we-elastic σe, umkhawulo we-income σy, kanye nomkhawulo we-tensile σu. Umklamo usekelwe emandleni we-income ensimbi. Amandla we-income aphezulu anganciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo, onge insimbi futhi anciphise izindleko zokwakha. Amandla we-tensile ou ukucindezeleka okuphezulu insimbi engakumelana nakho ngaphambi kokuba yonakale. Ngalesi sikhathi, isakhiwo silahlekelwa ukusetshenziswa kwaso ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwepulasitiki, kodwa isakhiwo siyawohloka kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwa, futhi kufanele sikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesakhiwo ukuze simelane nokuzamazama komhlaba okungavamile.
isakhiwo sensimbi h beam
2. Ukwakheka kwepulasitiki
Ukuqina kwensimbi ngokuvamile kubhekisela kusici sokuthi ngemva kokuba ukucindezeleka kudlule iphuzu lokukhiqiza, kuba nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuphuka. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokulinganisa amandla okuguquguquka kwepulasitiki kwensimbi ukunwebeka kwe-ō kanye nokuncipha kwe-ψ okuwela eceleni.
3. Ukusebenza kokugoba okubandayo
Ukusebenza kokugoba okubandayo kwensimbi kuyisilinganiso sokumelana kwensimbi nemifantu lapho ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kudalwa ukucutshungulwa kokugoba ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukusebenza kokugoba okubandayo kwensimbi ukusebenzisa izivivinyo zokugoba okubandayo ukuhlola ukusebenza kokugoba kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezinga elithile lokugoba.
4. Ukuqina komthelela
Ukuqina komthelela wensimbi kubhekisela ekhonweni lensimbi lokumunca amandla e-kinetic omshini ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhekeka ngaphansi komthwalo womthelela. Kuyisici somshini esilinganisa ukumelana kwensimbi nomthwalo womthelela, okungase kubangele ukuqhekeka okuqhekeka ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kanye nokuhlushwa kokucindezeleka. Ngokuvamile, inkomba yokuqina komthelela wensimbi itholakala ngokuhlolwa komthelela wezibonelo ezijwayelekile.
5. Ukusebenza kokushisela Ukusebenza kokushisela kwensimbi yokushisela kubhekisela ejoyintini lokushisela elinokusebenza okuhle ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela. Ukusebenza kokushisela kungahlukaniswa kube ukusebenza kokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela kanye nokusebenza kokushisela ngokwemisebenzi yokusebenzisa. Ukusebenza kokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela kubhekisela ekuzweleni kokushisela kanye nensimbi eduze kwe-weld ukuze kungakhiqizi imifantu yokushisa noma ukupholisa imifantu yokuncibilika ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ukusebenza kahle kokushisela kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela, insimbi yokushisela noma izinto eziseduze eziyinhloko ngeke zikhiqize imifantu. Ukusebenza kokushisela ngokwemisebenzi yokusebenzisa kubhekisela ekuqineni komthelela ku-weld kanye nokuguquguquka endaweni ethintekile ukushisa, okudinga ukuthi izakhiwo zensimbi endaweni yokushisela kanye nendawo ethintekile ukushisa zingabi ngaphansi kwezezinto eziyinhloko. Izwe lakithi lisebenzisa indlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kokushisela yenqubo yokushisela futhi lisebenzisa nendlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kokushisela ngokwemisebenzi yokusebenzisa.
6. Ukuqina
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukuqina kwensimbi. Okokuqala ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi kubi, futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukugqwala nokugqwala kwensimbi. Izindlela zokuvikela zifaka: ukulungiswa njalo kopende wensimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe, kanye nezinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela lapho kukhona izinto eziqinile ezigqwala njenge-asidi, i-alkali, nosawoti. Isibonelo, isakhiwo sepulatifomu yasogwini sisebenzisa izinyathelo "zokuvikela i-anodic" ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwejakethi. Ama-ingots e-zinc anamathele ejakethini, futhi i-electrolyte yamanzi olwandle izogqwala ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-ingots e-zinc kuqala, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umsebenzi wokuvikela ijakethi yensimbi. Okwesibili, ngoba amandla ensimbi abhubhisayo aphansi kakhulu kunamandla esikhashana ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nomthwalo wesikhathi eside, amandla ensimbi esikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kwesikhathi eside kufanele alinganiswe. Insimbi izoba lukhuni futhi iqhekeke ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuyisimo "sokuguga". Ukuqina komthelela wensimbi ngaphansi komthwalo wokushisa ophansi kufanele kuhlolwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-27-2025
