Si loo bixiyo macluumaad tixraac oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay dadka isticmaala ee doonaya inay dalbadaan tuubooyinka birta ah ee zinc aluminium magnesium laakiin aan weli dalban, tifaftiruhu wuxuu soo ururiyay maqaalkan isagoo rajeynaya inuu macaamiisha siiyo qiimo tixraac oo dheeraad ah.
Dulmar guud:
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, awoodda wax soo saarka guud ee dahaarka gudaha ayaa weli sii ballaaranaysa, iyadoo soosaarayaasha leh awoodda wax soo saarka gariiradda kulul ay inta badan hoos u sii dheereeyaan khadadka wax soo saarkooda. Marka la eego dhimista kaarboonka qaranka iyo kor u qaadista tamarta cusub, alaabada magnesium-ka aluminium-ka galvanized ee heerka sare ah ayaa noqday noocyo badan oo fiiro gaar ah leh. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, warshado bir ah oo aad u badan ayaa ku biiray soo saarista gariiradaha magnesium-ka aluminium-ka zinc, tartankuna wuxuu noqday mid sii kordhaya oo daran. Maqaalkani wuxuu si kooban u falanqeyn doonaa xaaladda horumarka hadda jira iyo rajada gariiradaha magnesium-ka zinc-ka gudaha iyadoo lagu saleynayo xaaladda suuqa ee hadda jirta.
Hordhac iyo kala soocid alaabta magnesium aluminium zinc ah:
01. Hordhac ku saabsan Alaabooyinka Zinc Aluminium Magnesium
Saxanka birta ah ee magnesium-ka aluminiumka ah ee galvanized waa nooc cusub oo ah saxan bir ah oo aad u adkaysi u leh daxalka, oo inta badan ka kooban zinc, 1.5% -11% aluminium, 1.5% -3% magnesium, iyo xaddi raadad ah oo silicon ah (iyadoo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho yar oo ku saabsan saamiga u dhexeeya soosaarayaasha kala duwan). Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa daawaynta dusha sare ee ka hortagga daxalka ee alaabada birta iyo birta, oo ay ku jiraan dahaadhyo taxane zinc ah oo kala duwan iyo tiro badan oo qaybo bir ah oo dhan ah si loo ilaaliyo daxalka quusitaanka. Iyadoo la horumarinayo tignoolajiyada joogtada ah, saxanadaha birta ah ee zinc-ka magnesium-ka aluminiumka ah ee dahaarka leh ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa warshadaha dhismaha sababtoo ah iska caabbinta daxalka ee aadka u fiican, qaab-dhismeed wanaagsan, alxanka, iyo muuqaalka qurxinta. Si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo horumarinayaa oo loo adeegsadaa warshadaha sida qalabka guryaha iyo wax soo saarka baabuurta.
Nippon Steel, Nippon Steel, ThyssenKrupp iyo shirkado kale oo caalami ah oo caan ka ah birta ayaa bilaabay inay bartaan saxankan birta ah sannadihii 1980-meeyadii, waxayna hirgeliyeen wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo adeegsiga horraantii qarnigii 21-aad. Afar sano ka hor, inta badan alaabada zinc aluminium magnesium ee loo isticmaalo Shiinaha waxaa laga soo dhoofiyay dalal sida Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed. Iyadoo si joogto ah loo haleeyay warshadaha photovoltaic sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, marka lagu daro warshadaha birta ee dawladdu leedahay sida Baosteel, Jiuquan Steel, Shougang, iyo Tangshan Steel, tiro badan oo warshado bir ah oo gaar loo leeyahay ayaa sidoo kale soo galay warshadaha, sida Tianjin Xinyu iyo Hebei Zhaojian. Shirkadaha wax soo saarka birta ee xariiqda ah ayaa sidoo kale ku biiray warshadaha. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kala duwanaanshaha dhumucda ee laga soo saari karo Shiinaha waa 0.4mm-4.0mm, baaxadda ballaca ee la soo saari karona waa 580mm-2080mm. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, warshadaha birta ah ee Shiinaha ee soo saara silsiladaha birta ah ee zinc aluminium magnesium badanaa waa aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium hooseeya, tiro yar oo shirkado ahna waxay soo saari karaan magnesium aluminium zinc aluminium dhexdhexaad ah (sare). Tusaale ahaan, Shougang waxay leedahay taxane dhammaystiran oo magnesium aluminium zinc ah, waxayna leedahay khadka wax soo saarka kaliya ee dalka ka jira ee bixin kara saxannada birta ah ee zinc aluminium magnesium dahaaran oo dhumucdiisu tahay 3.0 mm ama ka badan ujeeddooyinka dhismaha.
02. Kala-soocidda iyo Astaamaha Badeecada ee Badeecadaha Magnesium-ka ee Zinc Aluminium
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Shiinaha Baowu ee taarikada birta ah ee ganacsiga ee magnesium-ka lagu dahaadhay, inta badan dahaarka waxaa ku jira magnesium iyo magnesium ≤ 3%. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo walxaha kala duwan ee aluminiumka ku jira dahaarka, dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc waxaa loo qaybiyaa:
Dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminium-ka zinc-ka hooseeya: Waxyaabaha ku jira aluminium-ka: 1% -3.5%. Dahaarkan waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu darayo xaddi cayiman oo magnesium-ka aluminium ah iyo walxo kale iyadoo lagu saleynayo galvanizing-ka kulul. Dahaarkani waa nooc la casriyeeyay oo ka mid ah iska caabbinta daxalka ee dahaarka zinc-ka saafiga ah ee kulul-maquufinta.
Dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminium-ka zinc-ka dhexdhexaadka ah: ka kooban aluminium: 5% -11%.
Dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc-ka ee sareeya: Waxyaabaha ku jira aluminiumka: 55%. Dahaarkan waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu darayo xaddi cayiman oo magnesium ah iyo walxo kale iyadoo lagu salaynayo dahaarka zinc-ka aluminiumka ee kulul. Dahaarkani waa nooc la casriyeeyay oo ka mid ah iska caabbinta daxalka ee dahaarka zinc-ka aluminiumka ee kulul.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wax soo saarka ugu weyn ee Shiinaha waa magnesium aluminium zinc ah oo hooseeya, shirkado qaar sida Shougang iyo Baosteel waxay sidoo kale soo saari karaan magnesium aluminium zinc ah oo sarreeya. Magnesium aluminium zinc ah si toos ah looma farsameyn karo oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u adeegi karaan sidii substrate loogu talagalay duubabka xaashida midabka leh. Bilowgii 2022, duubkii ugu horreeyay ee dahaarka midabka ee Baosteel Zhanjiang Steel ayaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay wax soo saar badanna wuxuu bilaabmay dhammaadkii Febraayo. Dahaarka midabka ee Baosteel Zhanjiang Steel wuxuu isticmaali karaa magnesium aluminium ah oo dhammaystiran oo ah substrate-ka, taasoo ka dhigaysa saldhigga kaliya ee wax soo saarka adduunka ee loogu talagalay noocyo badan oo dahaarka midabka magnesium aluminium zinc ah.
Dhaqanka alaabada zinc aluminium magnesium ayaa hadda noqday mowduuc aad loo hadal hayo, oo si dhow ula xiriira astaamaha badeecadooda wanaagsan. Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee tayada badeecadaha dahaarka zinc aluminium magnesium waxaa lagu muujiyaa iska caabinta daxalka sare, oo ay ku xigto waxqabadka habaynta.
Shaxda 1: Isbarbardhigga Badeecadaha Zinc Aluminium Magnesium iyo Badeecadaha Zinc ee saafiga ah
| Lambarka Taxanaha | Astaamaha Badeecada | Isbarbardhigga u dhexeeya Zinc Aluminium Magnesium iyo Sink saafi ah |
| 1 | Iska caabinta daxalka ee flat | Tijaabada buufinta milixda dhexdhexaadka ah: Dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc wuxuu 3-10 jeer ka sarreeyaa dahaarka zinc-ka ee caadiga ah. Daxalka muddada dheer ee jawiga: Dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc wuxuu gaari karaa in ka badan 2 jeer ka sarreeya dahaarka zinc-ka saafiga ah. |
| 2 | Iska caabbinta daxalka ee jeexdinta | Iska caabbinta daxalka ee booska birta magnesium ee zinc aluminium aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa kan dahaarka zinc ee caadiga ah |
| 3 | Isku-dhafka is-jiidjiidka hooseeya | Isugeynta is-jiidjiidka ee dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc ayaa 15% ka hooseeya kan dahaarka zinc-ka saafiga ah |
| 4 | iska caabin xirashada | Adkaanta dahaarka magnesium-ka aluminium ee zinc waa qiyaastii saddex jeer ka badan dahaarka zinc-ka saafiga ah. |
Asalka guud ee horumarka alaabada magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc ee gudaha
01. Horumarinta kala duwan ee awoodda wax soo saarka dahaarka
Sida ku xusan bilowga maqaalka kor ku xusan, ka hor 2016, alaabada magnesium-ka aluminium-ka galvanized ee gudaha ayaa asal ahaan madhnaa. Iyadoo dhowr shirkadood oo dhexe, shirkado dowladeed, iyo shirkado waaweyn oo gaar loo leeyahay ay si tartiib tartiib ah u soo galayaan suuqa gudaha, awoodda wax soo saarka ee magnesium-ka zinc aluminium ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u koraysa. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob aan dhammaystirnayn, awoodda wax soo saarka ee magnesium-ka zinc aluminium waxaa la filayaa inay noqoto qiyaastii 7 milyan oo tan sannadkii, badeecada hadda jirtana waxay ku jirtaa marxalad koboc degdeg ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego wax soo saarka birta ee China Steel ee baaxadda weyn iyo awoodda dahaarka ee ka badan 160 milyan oo tan, saamiga guud ee dahaarka magnesium-ka zinc aluminium weli waa yar yahay.
Horumarinta tartiib tartiib ah ee alaabada cusub waxay muujineysaa awoodda wax soo saarka xad-dhaafka ah ee warshadaha dahaarka oo dhan: inkastoo awoodda wax soo saarka dahaarka ee Shiinaha ay aad u weyn tahay, heerka guud ee isticmaalka awoodda wax soo saarka dhabta ah waa wax ka yar 60%, shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahayna kuma filna marka la eego dhismaha iyo isticmaalka dhabta ah. Badeecadaha magnesium-ka aluminiumka ee galvanized waxay leeyihiin dhibaatooyin farsamo oo sarreeya iyo shuruudaha habka, iyo sidoo kale qiimaha suuqa iyo rajada wanaagsan, waxayna noqdeen jihada kulul ee cilmi-baarista iyo wax soo saarka isla warshadaha gudaha iyo dibaddaba.
02. Tartanka xooggan awgiis, weli waxaa jira faa'iido yar oo laga heli karo alaabada cusub.
Jaantuska 1: Isbeddelka qiimaha iyo farqiga qiimaha ee u dhexeeya dahaadhka zinc, aluminium, magnesium, iyo zinc ee Shanghai (cutubka: yuan/ton)
Laga bilaabo Diseembar 7, qeexitaanka guud ee Mysteel ee 2.0mm Ansteel zinc aluminium sheet sheet sheet ee suuqa Shanghai wuxuu ahaa 5500 yuan/ton, halka badeecada guud ee galvanized 1.0mm Ansteel galvanized sheet coil uu ahaa 4700 yuan/ton, farqiga qiimaha u dhexeeya silsiladda warqada magnesium aluminium zinc iyo xariga galvanized sheet coil waa 800 yuan/ton. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabinta lakabka zinc iyo calaamadaynta qeexitaanka ee warshadda birta, xariga saxanka magnesium aluminium zinc waa 275g lakabka zinc, calaamadaynta lakabka zinc ee warshadda birtana waa qiyaastii 300 yuan/ton. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo xisaabintan, xitaa alaabada leh dhumucda lakabka zinc isku mid ah, qiimaha magnesium aluminium zinc aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa kan xariga galvanized, taas oo si dadban u caddaynaysa in weli ay jirto faa'iido gaar ah oo loogu talagalay alaabada magnesium aluminium zinc, ha ahaato aragtida ganacsatada ama warshadaha birta. Dabcan, waxaa xusid mudan in bishii Luulyo, farqiga qiimaha ee u dhexeeya magnesium aluminium zinc iyo gariiradda xaashida galvanized mar uu gaaray 1350 yuan/ton, ka dibna uu asal ahaan ku sii jiray 1000 yuan/ton, taasoo muujinaysa in sidoo kale uu jiro tartan suuqa magnesium aluminium zinc ee hadda jira. Farqiga qiimaha u dhexeeya magnesium aluminium zinc Tianjin iyo xaashida galvanized waa tusaale wanaagsan, sida ku cad Jaantuska 2.
Suuqa macaamiisha ee sawir-qaadista, marka laga soo tago suuqa Bariga Shiinaha, waxaa sidoo kale jira suuq xooggan, kaas oo ah Tianjin, gaar ahaan ku urursan Daqiuzhuang. Qaybtan wax soo saarka ee xoogga badan ee biraha sawir-qaadista ayaa sidoo kale noqotay bartilmaameed muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay warshado badan oo bir ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, suuqa Tianjin, ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaynta birta ee wareegaya waxaa ka mid ah warshado bir ah oo dawladdu leedahay sida Shougang, Ansteel, Tangshan Steel, iyo Handan Steel; Warshadaha birta gaarka loo leeyahay sida Hebei Zhaojian, Tianjin Xinyu, Shandong Huafeng, iwm. Marka laga eego isbarbardhigga qiimaha, farqiga qiimaha ee u dhexeeya magnesium aluminium zinc Tianjin iyo dahaadhka zinc ayaa si weyn uga hooseeya kan suuqa Shanghai. Si loo qabto saamiga suuqa, warshado bir ah ayaa sidoo kale si waafaqsan u hagaajiyay siyaasadahooda.
03 Horumarka degdegga ah ee warshadaha sawir-qaadista iyadoo la eegayo deegaanka tamarta cusub iyo yaraynta kaarboonka
Warshadaha hoose ee warshadaha dahaarka gudaha ayaa muujinaya isbeddel kala duwanaansho ah, heerka kobaca kulul ee isticmaalka baabuurta iyo qalabka guryaha ayaa asal ahaan dhammaaday, laakiin tamarta cusub ayaa si degdeg ah u koraysa. Noofambar 21, Shirka Wadajirka ah ee Macluumaadka Suuqa Rakaabka ee Qaranka ayaa soo saaray warbixin ku saabsan isbeddelka suuqa cusub ee baabuurta tamarta ee Shiinaha: Wax soo saarka gawaarida tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Oktoobar wuxuu ahaa 5.59 milyan oo unug, koror sanadle ah oo ah 108.4%, iyadoo heerka gelitaanka guud uu yahay 24.7% iyo heerka ka qayb qaadashada oo ka badan 80% kobaca suuqa baabuurta. Sidoo kale, marka la eego xaaladda dalka oo si firfircoon u dhiirrigelisa Kaabayaasha Cusub iyo isticmaalka tamarta cusub, baahida isticmaalka ee warshadaha magnesium aluminium ee zinc waxay leedahay meel koritaan marxaladeed iyo awood qarax.
Warshadaha shidaalka ee Shiinaha ayaa gaaray heer caalami ah oo hormuud ah dhinacyo kala duwan, gaar ahaan tan iyo 2022, iyadoo ay jirto cadaadis ka dhashay faafitaanka COVID-19 ee soo noqnoqda iyo hoos u dhac dhaqaale, kobaca guud ee warshadaha shidaalka ee korontada ayaa xasilloonaa. Saddexdii bilood ee ugu horreeyay 2022, wax soo saarka Shiinaha ee silicon polycrystalline, wafer silicon, baytariyada, iyo qaybaha ayaa sameeyay horumar la taaban karo, soo saarista isku xiryo kala duwan oo silsiladda warshadaha ah ayaa gaartay heerkii ugu sarreeyay ee taariikhiga ahaa. Tiknoolajiyadda warshaduhu waxay sii waddaa inay cusboonaysiiso oo ay horumarto, waxtarka beddelka unugyada qorraxda ee silicon heterojunction ayaa dhigay rikoor cusub oo adduunka ah oo ah 26.81%. Horumarro cusub ayaa sidoo kale laga sameeyay cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta iyo tijaabinta tijaabada ah ee unugyada la isku dhejiyay ee perovskite, qaabka "fotovoltaic+" sidoo kale si joogto ah ayuu u sii kordhayaa. Saddexdii rubuc ee ugu horreeyay, awoodda cusub ee lagu rakibay ee fotovoltaics-ka gudaha ayaa gaartay 52.6GW. Laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Oktoobar, wadarta qiimaha dhoofinta ee fotovoltaics-ka ee Shiinaha ayaa dhaaftay 44 bilyan oo doolarka Mareykanka ah, taasoo si xooggan u taageertay baahida sii kordheysa ee suuqyada fotovoltaics-ka gudaha iyo dibadda.
Falanqaynta Rajooyinka Horumarinta ee Xaashida iyo Duubka Magnesium-ka ee Zinc Aluminium
01 Si joogto ah u horumarinta heerarka wax soo saarka ee goobaha codsiyada warshadaha
Iyadoo laga duulayo kobaca degdegga ah ee awoodda guud ee wax soo saarka dahaarka, weli waxaa jira xaalad ah awood wax soo saar dahaar sare leh oo leh heer isticmaal hooseeya. Ganacsiyadu waxay sii wadi doonaan inay ballaariyaan kanaallada iibka suuqa oo ay kordhiyaan saamiga suuqa. Si loo sii ballaariyo laminates-ka dahaarka leh laftooda, waa la fahmi karaa, laakiin tartanka joogtada ah ee warshadaha, waxaa jira heer gaar ah oo lagu beddeli karo noocyada kala duwan ee laminates-ka dahaarka leh iyo duubabka.
Dhanka warshadaha wax soo saarka aluminiumka galvanized magnesium, iyadoo aan la hayn heerarka wax soo saarka ee hadda jira, waxaa muhiim u ah shirkadaha waaweyn ee dawladdu leedahay ee Shiinaha inay hormuud ka noqdaan dejinta heerarka khuseeya. Si loo mideeyo horumarinta iyo soo saarista zinc aluminum magnesium, oo ah badeeco cusub, oo wadata waddo caafimaad qabta, khabiir caan ah oo lagu magacaabo Professor Xu Xiufei oo ka socda Shirkadda Metallurgical Corporation (MCC), oo taageero iyo taageero ka helaya Guddiga Heerarka Birta Qaranka, ayaa abaabulay shirkado dahaadh oo heer sare ah oo dalka oo dhan ah si ay dib ugu eegaan heerka warshadaha ee "Saxanka Birta ee Dip Coated Hot Dip and Strip for Construction". Markii ugu horreysay adduunka, dhammaan qaybaha dahaarka, oo ay ku jiraan saddex qaybood oo waaweyn oo zinc aluminum magnesium ah, ayaa lagu daray isla heerka, kaas oo aan kaliya ku habboonayn iibsadayaasha inay isbarbardhigaan oo ay isticmaalaan, Waxa kale oo uu kor u qaadi karaa xulashada macquulka ah ee agabka iyo alaabada dahaarka tayo sare leh iyo kuwa kharash-ool ah.
Iyadoo ay soo hagaagayso tartanka waxsoosaarka magnesium-ka zinc aluminium ee shirkadaha gudaha, isbeddelka lagu soo dejinayo alaabada magnesium-ka zinc aluminium ee dibadda ayaa la beddelay, tiro badan oo alaab tayo sare lehna waxaa loo dhoofiyay waddamada horumaray sida Yurub iyo Ameerika. Sababtoo ah la'aanta heerarka caalamiga ah, ma aha oo kaliya inay caqabad ku tahay soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta alaabada birta magnesium-ka zinc aluminium, laakiin sidoo kale waxay keentay caqabado farsamo oo warshadaha ah. Sidaa darteed, ku dadaalidda wadahadallada caalamiga ah iyo dejinta heerarka caalamiga ah ayaa noqotay tallaabo weyn oo alaabada Shiinaha ay u noqdaan kuwo caalami ah. Waxaa la filan karaa in kor u qaadista mashruuca heerka caalamiga ah ee xaashiyaha magnesium-ka zinc aluminium ay furi doonto xaalad cusub oo shirkadaha xaashida dahaarka leh ee Shiinaha ay ku tartamaan masraxa caalamiga ah.
02 Horumarinta mustaqbalka ee badeecada wali waa mid mudan in la sugo
Cadaadiska ay wajahayaan warshadaha xaashida dahaarka leh iyo gariiradda lama sheegi karo. Awooda xad dhaafka ah wali waa mid daran, qiimaha dhexena wali waa gaabis. Heerka kobaca ee wax soo saarka warshadaha gudaha sida qalabka guryaha iyo baabuurta ayaa sii wadi doona inuu hoos u dhaco, taasoo adkeyneysa in la kordhiyo baahida. Intaa waxaa dheer, faa'iidada warshadaha xaashida birta ah, oo ay ku jiraan alaabada dahaarka leh, ayaa sii socota inay hoos u dhacdo, hagaajinta qaab-dhismeedka gudahana waxay sii wadi doontaa inay kordhiso isku-shaandhaynta warshadaha.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, alaabada magnesium-ka aluminiumka ah ee galvanized waxay leeyihiin shaqooyin gaar ah iyo astaamo codsi oo ku salaysan alaabada dahaarka, heerka farsamo ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba wali waa sarreeyaa. Isla mar ahaantaana, isticmaalkeeda mashaariicda muhiimka ah iyo warshadaha macaamiisha ee heerka sare ah ayaa wali sii kordhaya, meelaha loo isticmaalona wali way sii kordhayaan. Rajada horumarinta mustaqbalka wali waa mid mudan in la sugo. Haddii qofku ku biiri karo liiska cad ee shirkadaha wax iibsiga, waxay sidoo kale yeelan doonaan faa'iido gaar ah tartankan.
Tartanka suuqa ee hadda jira ee magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc-ka hooseeya ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u xoogeystay, shirkado badan ayaana ku biiraya soo saarista iyo iibinta alaabada magnesium-ka zinc-ka aluminiumka si loo wadaago saamiga wax soo saarka. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo astaamaha macaamiisha iyo isbeddellada horumarinta warshadaha, waxaa lagu talinayaa in mudnaanta la siiyo meelaynta alaabada magnesium-ka aluminiumka galvanized ee jihada magnesium-ka aluminiumka zinc-ka aluminiumka ee dhexdhexaadka ah (dhexdhexaadka ah). Suuqa dhalaalaya iyo faa'iidada weyn ee warshaduhu waa waxa qof walba uu rajeynayo.
Waqtiga boostada: Luulyo-04-2023
