Ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngolwazi olwengeziwe lwezinkomba kubasebenzisi abafuna ukufaka i-oda lamapayipi ensimbi e-zinc aluminum magnesium kodwa abangakafaki i-oda, umhleli uhlanganise lesi sihloko ngethemba lokunikeza amakhasimende inani elingeziwe lezinkomba.
Ukubuka konke:
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla okukhiqiza aphelele okugqoka kwasekhaya asakhula, kanti abakhiqizi abanekhono lokukhiqiza ama-hot coil bandisa kakhulu imigqa yabo yemikhiqizo phansi. Ngokwesimo sokunciphisa ikhabhoni kazwelonke kanye nokukhuthazwa kwamandla amasha, imikhiqizo ye-aluminium magnesium esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu isibe yinto ethandwayo yokunaka. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkampani eziningi zensimbi zijoyine ukukhiqizwa kwama-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coils, futhi ukuncintisana kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya kafushane isimo samanje sentuthuko kanye namathuba ama-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coils asekhaya ngokusekelwe esimweni samanje semakethe.
Isingeniso kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-zinc aluminium aluminium:
01. Isingeniso kumikhiqizo ye-Magnesium ye-Zinc Aluminium
Ipuleti lensimbi ye-aluminium magnesium elihlanganisiwe uhlobo olusha lwepuleti lensimbi eliboshwe ngokuqinile elingagqwali, elihlanganiswe kakhulu yi-zinc, i-aluminium engu-1.5% -11%, i-magnesium engu-1.5% -3%, kanye namanani amancane e-silicon (ngomehluko omncane ngesilinganiso phakathi kwabakhiqizi abahlukene). Lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ukugqwala komhlaba kwemikhiqizo yensimbi nensimbi, kufaka phakathi izembozo ezahlukahlukene ze-zinc kanye nenani elikhulu lezingxenye zensimbi eziphelele zokuvikela ukugqwala kokucwiliswa. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, amapuleti ensimbi aboshwe nge-zinc aluminium magnesium alloy asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokwakha ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ukwakheka okuhle, ukushibilika, kanye nokubukeka kokuhlobisa. Kancane kancane ayakhuthazwa futhi asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nemishini yasekhaya kanye nokukhiqiza izimoto.
I-Nippon Steel, i-Nippon Steel, i-ThyssenKrupp kanye nezinye izinkampani zensimbi ezidumile zamazwe ngamazwe zaqala ukutadisha leli plate lensimbi ngawo-1980, futhi zaqala ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21. Eminyakeni emine edlule, iningi lemikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-zinc aluminium esetshenziswa eShayina yayingeniswa emazweni afana neJapan neNingizimu Korea. Ngokuqhubeka kokubiliswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphezu kwemishini yensimbi kahulumeni efana neBaosteel, iJiuquan Steel, iShougang, kanye neTangshan Steel, inani elikhulu lemishini yensimbi yangasese nayo ingene embonini, njengeTianjin Xinyu kanye neHebei Zhaojian. Amanye amabhizinisi okukhiqiza insimbi ye-strip nawo ajoyine imboni. Njengamanje, ububanzi bokujiya obungakhiqizwa eShayina bungu-0.4mm-4.0mm, kanti ububanzi obungakhiqizwa bungu-580mm-2080mm. Njengamanje, izimayini zensimbi eShayina ezikhiqiza ama-zinc aluminium magnesium sheet coils ikakhulukazi yi-aluminium ephansi ye-zinc aluminium magnesium, futhi inani elincane kuphela lamabhizinisi elingakhiqiza i-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium ephakathi nendawo (ephezulu). Isibonelo, iShougang inochungechunge oluphelele lwe-zinc aluminium magnesium, futhi inomugqa wokukhiqiza kuphela ezweni onganikeza amapuleti ensimbi ambozwe yi-zinc aluminium magnesium anobukhulu obungu-3.0 mm noma ngaphezulu ngezinjongo zokwakha.
02. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezici zomkhiqizo wemikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-Zinc Aluminium
Njengamanje, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-China Baowu kwamapuleti ensimbi akhona ambozwe yi-magnesium, iningi lezingubo zokugqoka liqukethe okuqukethwe yi-magnesium kanye ne-magnesium ≤ 3%. Ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-aluminium ezimbozweni, izingubo ze-magnesium ze-zinc aluminium zihlukaniswe kanje:
Isembozo se-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium esiphansi: Okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium: 1% -3.5%. Lesi sembozo sakhiwa ngokungeza inani elithile le-aluminium magnesium nezinye izakhi ngokusekelwe ku-hot-dip galvanizing. Lesi sembozo siyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe yokumelana nokugqwala kwesembozo se-hot-dip pure zinc.
Isembozo se-magnesium se-aluminium esimaphakathi se-zinc: okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium: 5% -11%.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium: Okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium: 55%. Lokhu kugqoka kwakhiwa ngokungeza inani elithile le-magnesium nezinye izakhi ngokusekelwe ku-hot-dip aluminium zinc coating. Lokhu kugqoka kuyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe yokumelana nokugqwala kwe-hot-dip aluminium zinc coating.
Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa okuyinhloko eShayina yi-aluminium ephansi ye-zinc aluminium magnesium, kanti amanye amabhizinisi afana neShougang neBaosteel nawo angakhiqiza i-aluminium ephezulu ye-zinc aluminium magnesium. I-zinc aluminium magnesium ayikwazi ukucutshungulwa ngqo kuphela, kodwa futhi isebenza njengesisekelo sama-coil eshidi ambozwe ngombala. Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, umqulu wokuqala we-Baosteel Zhanjiang Steel's color coating wethulwa ngokusemthethweni futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwaqala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. I-Baosteel Zhanjiang Steel's color coating ingasebenzisa uhla oluphelele lwe-zinc aluminium magnesium njengesisekelo, okwenza kube ukuphela kwesisekelo sokukhiqiza somhlaba wonke sohla oluphelele lwe-zinc aluminium magnesium coating.
Ukuziphatha kwemikhiqizo ye-zinc aluminium magnesium sekuyindaba eshisayo njengamanje, ehlobene kakhulu nezici zayo ezinhle zomkhiqizo. Inzuzo enkulu yekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-zinc aluminium magnesium coating ibonakala ekumelaneni nokugqwala okuphezulu, kulandelwe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula.
Ithebula 1: Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwemikhiqizo ye-Zinc Aluminium Magnesium kanye nemikhiqizo ye-Pure Zinc
| Inombolo yomkhiqizo | Izici zomkhiqizo | Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-Zinc Aluminium Magnesium ne-Pure Zinc |
| 1 | Ukumelana nokugqwala okuyisicaba | Ukuhlolwa kokufuthwa kukasawoti okungathathi hlangothi: I-zinc aluminium magnesium coating iphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-3-10 kune-zinc pure coating yendabuko. Ukugqwala kwesikhathi eside emoyeni: I-zinc aluminium magnesium coating ingafinyelela ngaphezu kokuphindwe ka-2 kune-zinc pure coating. |
| 2 | Ukumelana nokugqwala kokusikwa | Ukumelana nokugqwala kwesikhundla se-zinc aluminium magnesium notch kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwembozwa kwe-zinc okumsulwa kwendabuko |
| 3 | Isilinganiso sokungqubuzana okuphansi | I-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwe-zinc aluminium magnesium coating iphansi ngo-15% kune-zinc coating emsulwa |
| 4 | ukumelana nokuguguleka | Ubulukhuni be-zinc aluminium magnesium coating cishe buphindwe kathathu kunobe-zinc pure coating |
Isizinda sentuthuko esiphelele semikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-zinc aluminium yasekhaya
01. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukile komthamo wokukhiqiza wokumboza
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwesihloko esingenhla, ngaphambi kuka-2016, imikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-aluminium egayiwe yasekhaya yayingenalutho. Njengoba amabhizinisi ambalwa aphakathi, amabhizinisi kahulumeni, kanye namabhizinisi amakhulu okumboza azimele engena kancane kancane emakethe yasekhaya, amandla okukhiqiza e-magnesium ye-aluminium ye-zinc ayanda kancane kancane. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, amandla okukhiqiza e-magnesium ye-aluminium ye-zinc kulindeleke ukuthi abe cishe amathani ayizigidi ezi-7 ngonyaka, futhi umkhiqizo wamanje usesigabeni sokukhula okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokomongo wokukhiqiza okukhulu kwensimbi ye-China Steel kanye namandla okumboza angaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-160, isabelo sonke sokumboza kwe-magnesium ye-zinc aluminium sisesincane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwemikhiqizo emisha kugqamisa amandla okukhiqiza ngokweqile embonini yonke yokugqoka: yize amandla okukhiqiza e-China egqoke ingubo enkulu, izinga lokusetshenziswa lilonke lamandla okukhiqiza angempela lingaphansi kuka-60%, kanti amabhizinisi azimele awanele ngokwezakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Imikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-aluminium eyenziwe nge-galvanized inezinkinga zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo, kanye nenani elihle lemakethe kanye namathemba, futhi isibe yindawo eshisayo yocwaningo kanye nokukhiqiza embonini efanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
02. Ngaphansi komncintiswano omkhulu, kusekhona amathuba enzuzo emikhiqizweni emisha
Umfanekiso 1: Ukwehluka kwentengo phakathi kwe-zinc, i-aluminium, i-magnesium, kanye ne-zinc plating eShanghai (iyunithi: yuan/ton)
Kusukela ngomhlaka-7 Disemba, i-Mysteel's mainstream specification 2.0mm Ansteel zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coil emakethe yaseShanghai inentengo engu-5500 yuan/ton, kuyilapho i-mainstream galvanized sheet coil yomkhiqizo ongu-1.0mm Ansteel galvanized sheet coil inentengo engu-4700 yuan/ton, kanti umehluko wentengo phakathi kwe-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coil kanye ne-galvanized sheet coil ingu-800 yuan/ton. Ngokusho kokubalwa kwesendlalelo se-zinc kanye ne-specification markup esitshalweni sensimbi, i-zinc aluminum magnesium plate coil ingu-275g zinc layer, kanti i-markup ye-zinc layer esitshalweni sensimbi icishe ibe ngu-300 yuan/ton. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kubalwa, ngisho nangemikhiqizo enobukhulu obufanayo be-zinc layer, intengo ye-zinc aluminum magnesium iphakeme kakhulu kuneye-galvanized sheet coils, okufakazela ngokungaqondile ukuthi kusekhona inzuzo ethile yemikhiqizo ye-zinc aluminum magnesium, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokombono wabadayisi noma izigayo zensimbi. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngoJulayi, umehluko wentengo phakathi kwe-zinc aluminium magnesium kanye ne-galvanized sheet coil wake wakhuphukela ku-1350 yuan/ton, wabe esehlala ngaphakathi kwe-1000 yuan/ton, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona nokuncintisana emakethe ye-zinc aluminium magnesium yamanje. Umehluko wentengo phakathi kwe-Tianjin zinc aluminium magnesium kanye ne-galvanized sheet uyisibonelo esihle, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Emakethe yabathengi be-photovoltaic, ngaphezu kwemakethe yaseMpumalanga China, kukhona nemakethe ehlanganisiwe, okuyiTianjin, egxile kakhulu eDaqiuzhuang. Le ndawo yokukhiqiza ehlanganisiwe yama-bracket e-photovoltaic nayo isibe yindawo ebalulekile yezinjini eziningi zensimbi. Njengamanje, emakethe yaseTianjin, izinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko zemishini yensimbi ejikelezayo zifaka phakathi imishini yensimbi kahulumeni iShougang, i-Ansteel, iTangshan Steel, kanye neHandan Steel; imishini yensimbi yangasese efana neHebei Zhaojian, iTianjin Xinyu, iShandong Huafeng, njll. Ngokombono wokuqhathaniswa komehluko wentengo, umehluko wentengo phakathi kwe-Tianjin zinc aluminium magnesium kanye ne-zinc plating uphansi kakhulu kunalowo osemakethe yaseShanghai. Ukuze kuthathwe isabelo semakethe, imishini yensimbi nayo ilungise izinqubomgomo zayo ngokufanele.
03 Intuthuko esheshayo yemboni ye-photovoltaic kumongo wendawo entsha yamandla nokunciphisa ikhabhoni
Imboni engezansi yemboni yokumboza yasekhaya ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokwehluka, futhi isigaba sokukhula esishisayo sokusetshenziswa kwezimoto nemishini yasekhaya sesidlulile, kodwa amandla amasha athuthuka ngokushesha. Ngomhlaka-21 Novemba, iNational Passenger Car Market Information Joint Conference yakhipha umbiko mayelana nokuthambekela kwemakethe yezimoto ezintsha zamandla eShayina: Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eShayina kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba kwakungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-5.59, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-108.4%, ngesilinganiso sokungena esihlanganisiwe esingu-24.7% kanye nesilinganiso somnikelo esingaphezu kuka-80% ekukhuleni kwemakethe yezimoto. Ngokufanayo, esimweni sezwe esikhuthaza ngenkuthalo iNgqalasizinda Entsha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwemboni ye-zinc aluminium magnesium sinesikhala sokukhula kwesiteji kanye namandla okuqhuma.
Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina ifinyelele amazinga ahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ezicini ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2022, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuqubuka njalo kwe-COVID-19 kanye nokwehla komnotho, umfutho wentuthuko iyonke yemboni ye-photovoltaic uhlale uzinzile. Ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polycrystalline silicon, ama-silicon wafers, amabhethri, kanye nezingxenye zaseShayina kuthuthuke kakhulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezixhumanisi ezahlukahlukene ochungechungeni lwezimboni kufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu lomlando. Ubuchwepheshe bemboni buyaqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthuka, kanti ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaseli elanga e-silicon heterojunction kubeke irekhodi lomhlaba elisha elingu-26.81%. Kwenziwe futhi intuthuko entsha ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuhlolweni kokuhlola kwamaseli ahlanganisiwe e-perovskite, kanti imodeli "ye-photovoltaic+" nayo ikhula njalo. Ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala, amandla amasha afakwe ama-photovoltaic asekhaya afinyelele ku-52.6GW. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba, inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-photovoltaics eShayina lidlule amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-44, okusekela kakhulu isidingo esikhulayo sezimakethe zama-photovoltaics zasekhaya nezangaphandle.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwamathemba Okuthuthukiswa Kwe-Zinc Aluminium Magnesium Sheet and Roll
01 Ukuthuthukisa amazinga omkhiqizo ngokuqhubekayo emikhakheni yokusetshenziswa kwemboni
Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo komthamo wokukhiqiza upende jikelele, kusenesimo somthamo wokukhiqiza upende ophezulu onesilinganiso esiphansi sokusetshenziswa. Amabhizinisi azoqhubeka nokwandisa iziteshi zokuthengisa emakethe futhi andise isabelo semakethe. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwanda kwama-laminate ambozwe ngokwawo, kuyaqondakala, kodwa emncintiswaneni oqhubekayo wemboni, kunezinga elithile lokushintshwa phakathi kobubanzi be-laminate nama-roll ambozwe.
Emkhakheni wemboni yemikhiqizo ye-aluminium magnesium eyenziwe nge-galvanized, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindinganiso zomkhiqizo njengamanje, kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi amakhulu kahulumeni eShayina ahole ekwakheni amazinga afanele. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kukhiqizwe i-zinc aluminium magnesium ngendlela efanele, umkhiqizo omusha, ngendlela enempilo, uchwepheshe odumile uSolwazi Xu Xiufei wase-China Metallurgical Corporation (MCC), ngokusekelwa nosizo lweNational Steel Standards Committee, uhlele amabhizinisi amahle kakhulu okumboza ezweni lonke ukuze abuyekeze izinga lomkhakha le-"Continuous Hot Dip Coated Steel Plate and Strip for Construction". Okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, zonke izingxenye zokumboza, okuhlanganisa nezigaba ezintathu ezinkulu ze-zinc aluminium magnesium, zifakiwe kule nqubo efanayo, okungelula nje kuphela ukuthi abathengi bayiqhathanise futhi bayisebenzise, futhi ingakhuthaza ukukhethwa okunengqondo kwezinto zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo yokumboza esezingeni eliphezulu nengabizi kakhulu.
Ngokuthuthuka kokuncintisana kwemikhiqizo ye-zinc aluminium magnesium yamabhizinisi asekhaya, umkhuba wokungenisa imikhiqizo ye-zinc aluminium magnesium evela kwamanye amazwe ushintshiwe, futhi inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu lithunyelwe emazweni athuthukile njengeYurophu neMelika. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, akugcini nje ngokuvimbela ukuhweba ngokungenisa nokuthumela imikhiqizo yensimbi ye-zinc aluminium magnesium, kodwa futhi kubangele izithiyo zobuchwepheshe embonini. Ngakho-ke, ukulwela ingxoxo yamazwe ngamazwe nokwakha amazinga omhlaba wonke kube yisinyathelo esikhulu semikhiqizo yaseShayina ukuze ifinyelele emhlabeni wonke. Kungalindelwa ukuthi ukukhuthazwa kwephrojekthi yezinga lomhlaba wonke yamashidi e-zinc aluminium magnesium kuzovula isimo esisha samabhizinisi aseShayina ambozwe nge-zinc ukuze ancintisane esiteji samazwe ngamazwe.
02 Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yomkhiqizo isafanele ukubheke phambili
Ingcindezi ebhekene nemboni yeshidi elimboziwe kanye nekhoyili ayinakweqiswa. Umthamo ongaphezu kwamandla usemkhulu, futhi isikhungo sentengo sisahamba kancane. Izinga lokukhula kwemikhiqizo yezimboni zasekhaya njengemishini yasekhaya kanye nezimoto lizoqhubeka nokwehla, okwenza kube nzima ukwandisa isidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yemboni yeshidi lensimbi, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo emboziwe, iyaqhubeka nokwehla, futhi ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi kuzoqhubeka nokwandisa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwemboni.
Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo ye-magnesium ye-aluminium eyenziwe nge-galvanized inemisebenzi yomkhiqizo ehlukile kanye nezici zokusetshenziswa ezisekelwe emikhiqizweni yokumboza, kanti umkhawulo wobuchwepheshe ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe usaphakeme. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumaphrojekthi abalulekile kanye nezimboni zabathengi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kusakhula, futhi izindawo zayo zokusetshenziswa zisakhula. Amathemba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo asafanele ukubhekelelwa. Uma umuntu engajoyina uhlu olumhlophe lwamabhizinisi okuthenga, uzoba nenzuzo eyingqayizivele kulo mncintiswano.
Umncintiswano wamanje wemakethe we-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium ephansi uye wakhula kancane kancane, futhi amabhizinisi amaningi ajoyina ekukhiqizweni nasekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo ye-zinc aluminium magnesium ukuze abelane ngenzuzo yomkhiqizo. Ngokusekelwe ezicini zabathengi kanye nemikhuba yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, kunconywa ukubeka phambili ukubekwa kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium magnesium ehlanganisiwe ohlangothini lwe-magnesium (oluphakathi nendawo) lwe-aluminium zinc aluminium. Imakethe ekhanyayo kanye nenzuzo enkulu embonini yilokho kanye wonke umuntu akulangazelelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-04-2023
