Ukuze kubonelelwe ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesalathiso kubasebenzisi abafuna ukufaka iodolo yeepayipi zesinyithi ze-zinc aluminum magnesium kodwa abakayifaki iodolo, umhleli uqokelele eli nqaku ngethemba lokubonelela abathengi ngexabiso elithe kratya lesalathiso.
Isishwankathelo:
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla okuvelisa ngokubanzi i-coating yasekhaya asakhula, abavelisi abanomthamo wokuvelisa i-hot coil ikakhulu bandisa imigca yabo yemveliso ezantsi. Kwimeko yokunciphisa ikhabhoni yesizwe kunye nokukhuthaza amandla amatsha, iimveliso ze-aluminium magnesium ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziye zaba luphawu oludumileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-metal mills ezininzi ziye zajoyina ukuveliswa kwee-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coils, kwaye ukhuphiswano luye lwaba lubi kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokufutshane imeko yophuhliso lwangoku kunye namathuba ee-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coils zasekhaya ngokusekelwe kwimeko yemarike yangoku.
Intshayelelo kunye nokuhlelwa kweemveliso ze-magnesium ze-aluminium ze-zinc:
01. Intshayelelo kwiMveliso yeMagnesium yeZinc Aluminium
Ipleyiti yesinyithi ye-aluminium egayiweyo ye-magnesium luhlobo olutsha lwepleyiti yesinyithi egayiweyo enokumelana nokugqwala kakhulu, eyenziwe ikakhulu yi-zinc, i-1.5% -11% ye-aluminium, i-1.5% -3% ye-magnesium, kunye nezixa ezincinci ze-silicon (enomahluko amancinci kumlinganiselo phakathi kwabavelisi abahlukeneyo). Isetyenziselwa kakhulu unyango lokulwa nokugqwala kumphezulu weemveliso zesinyithi nezesinyithi, kubandakanya iingubo ezahlukeneyo ze-zinc kunye nenani elikhulu leenxalenye zesinyithi ezipheleleyo zokukhusela ukugqwala kokuntywiliselwa. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, iipleyiti zesinyithi ezigayiweyo ze-zinc aluminium magnesium alloy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwazo ukugqwala okugqwesileyo, ukwakheka okuhle, ukuwelda, kunye nembonakalo yokuhombisa. Ziyakhuthazwa kancinci kancinci kwaye zisetyenziswa kumashishini afana nezixhobo zasekhaya kunye nemveliso yeemoto.
I-Nippon Steel, i-Nippon Steel, i-ThyssenKrupp kunye nezinye iinkampani zentsimbi ezidumileyo zamazwe ngamazwe zaqala ukufunda le pleyiti yentsimbi ngeminyaka yoo-1980, zaza zaqalisa ukuvelisa nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21. Kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo, uninzi lweemveliso ze-magnesium ze-zinc aluminium ezisetyenziswa eTshayina zazingeniswa kumazwe afana neJapan kunye neSouth Korea. Ngokuqhubeka kokubila kweshishini le-photovoltaic kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukongeza kwiifektri zentsimbi zikarhulumente ezifana neBaosteel, iJiuquan Steel, iShougang, kunye neTangshan Steel, inani elikhulu leefektri zentsimbi zabucala nazo zingene kweli shishini, njengeTianjin Xinyu kunye neHebei Zhaojian. Amanye amashishini emveliso yentsimbi yestrip nawo ajoyine eli shishini. Okwangoku, uluhlu lobukhulu olunokuveliswa eTshayina yi-0.4mm-4.0mm, kwaye uluhlu lobubanzi olunokuveliswa yi-580mm-2080mm. Okwangoku, iifektri zentsimbi eTshayina ezivelisa ii-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coils ikakhulu zii-aluminium eziphantsi ze-zinc aluminum magnesium, kwaye linani elincinci lamashishini kuphela elinokuvelisa i-aluminium ephakathi (ephezulu) ye-zinc aluminum magnesium. Umzekelo, iShougang inoluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-zinc aluminum magnesium, kwaye inomgca wemveliso kuphela kweli lizwe onokubonelela ngeepleyiti zentsimbi ezigqunywe yi-zinc aluminum magnesium ezinobukhulu obuyi-3.0 mm okanye ngaphezulu ngeenjongo zokwakha.
02. Uhlu kunye neempawu zeMveliso zeZinc Aluminium Magnesium Products
Okwangoku, ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwe-China Baowu lweepleyiti zentsimbi ezifakwe i-magnesium ezithengiswayo ezikhoyo, uninzi lwezogquma luqulathe umxholo we-magnesium kunye ne-magnesium ≤ 3%. Ngokusekelwe kumxholo owahlukileyo we-aluminium kwiingubo, i-zinc aluminum magnesium coatings zahlulwe zibe:
I-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium coating ephantsi: Umxholo we-aluminium: 1% -3.5%. Le coating yenziwa ngokongeza ubungakanani obuthile be-aluminium magnesium kunye nezinye izinto ngokusekelwe kwi-hot-dip galvanizing. Le coating yinguqulelo ephuculweyo yokumelana nokugqwala kwe-hot-dip pure zinc coating.
I-aluminium ephakathi ye-zinc ye-aluminium ye-magnesium yokwambathisa: umxholo we-aluminium: 5% -11%.
I-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium coating ephezulu: Umxholo we-aluminium: 55%. Le coating yenziwa ngokongeza ubungakanani obuthile be-magnesium kunye nezinye izinto ngokusekelwe kwi-aluminium zinc coating eshushu. Le coating yinguqulelo ephuculweyo yokumelana nokugqwala kwe-aluminium zinc coating eshushu.
Okwangoku, imveliso ephambili eTshayina yi-aluminium ene-zinc aluminium magnesium ephantsi, kwaye amanye amashishini afana neShougang kunye neBaosteel anokuvelisa i-aluminium ene-zinc aluminium magnesium ephezulu. I-zinc aluminium magnesium ayinakucutshungulwa ngokuthe ngqo kuphela, kodwa ikwasebenza njengesiseko seekhoyili zeshiti ezifakwe imibala. Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, umqulu wokuqala wengubo yombala yeBaosteel Zhanjiang Steel waqaliswa ngokusesikweni kwaye imveliso enkulu yaqala ekupheleni kukaFebruwari. Ingubo yombala yeBaosteel Zhanjiang Steel ingasebenzisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-zinc aluminium magnesium njengesiseko, okwenza kube sisiseko semveliso sehlabathi liphela soluhlu olupheleleyo lwengubo yombala ye-zinc aluminium magnesium.
Ukuziphatha kweemveliso ze-zinc aluminium magnesium kuye kwaba ngumxholo oshushu ngoku, onxulumene kakhulu neempawu zazo ezilungileyo zemveliso. Eyona nzuzo iphezulu yomgangatho weemveliso zokugquma ze-zinc aluminium magnesium ibonakala ekuchaseni okuphezulu kokugqwala, kulandele ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula.
Itheyibhile 1: Uthelekiso phakathi kweeMveliso zeMagnesium zeZinc Aluminium kunye neeMveliso zeZinc ezicocekileyo
| Inombolo yesiriyeli | Iimpawu zemveliso | Uthelekiso phakathi kweZinc Aluminium Magnesium kunye nePure Zinc |
| 1 | Ukumelana nokugqwala okuthe tyaba | Uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa engathathi cala: I-Zinc aluminiyamu magnesium coating iphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-3-10 kune-zinc pure coating yendabuko. Ukugqwala komoya ixesha elide: I-Zinc aluminiyamu magnesium coating inokufikelela ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-2 kune-zinc pure coating. |
| 2 | Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanxeba | Ukumelana nokugqwala kwendawo ye-magnesium notch ye-zinc aluminium kuphezulu kakhulu kunoko kwe-zinc pure coatings yendabuko |
| 3 | I-coefficient ephantsi yokungqubana | I-coefficient yokungqubana kwe-zinc aluminium magnesium coating iphantsi nge-15% kune-pure zinc coating |
| 4 | ukumelana nokuguguleka | Ubunzima be-zinc aluminum magnesium coating buphindwe kathathu kunobo be-zinc coating ecocekileyo |
Imvelaphi iyonke yophuhliso lweemveliso ze-magnesium ze-aluminium ze-zinc zasekhaya
01. Uphuhliso olwahlukileyo lomthamo wemveliso yokugquma
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni kwenqaku elingasentla, ngaphambi kowama-2016, iimveliso ze-magnesium ze-aluminium ezifakwe i-galvanized zasekhaya zazingenanto. Njengoko amashishini ambalwa aphakathi, amashishini karhulumente, kunye namashishini amakhulu okugquma abucala engena kancinci kancinci kwimarike yasekhaya, amandla okuvelisa i-magnesium ye-zinc aluminum ayanda kancinci kancinci. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, amandla okuvelisa i-magnesium ye-zinc aluminum alindeleke ukuba abe malunga neetoni ezisi-7 zezigidi ngonyaka, kwaye imveliso yangoku ikwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yemveliso enkulu yentsimbi kunye namandla okugquma e-China Steel angaphezu kwe-160 lezigidi zeetoni, isabelo sisonke se-zinc aluminum magnesium coating sisesincinci.
Uphuhliso oluthe ngcembe lweemveliso ezintsha lubonisa amandla okuvelisa agqithisileyo kulo lonke ishishini lokugquma: nangona amandla okuvelisa i-coating eTshayina emakhulu, izinga lokusetyenziswa lilonke lamandla okuvelisa angaphantsi kwama-60%, kwaye amashishini abucala awanelanga ngokwezakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo. Iimveliso ze-magnesium ze-aluminium ezigayiweyo zinobunzima obukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, kunye nexabiso elihle lemarike kunye namathuba, kwaye ziye zaba yindawo eshushu yophando kunye nemveliso kushishino olufanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
02. Phantsi kokhuphiswano olukhulu, kusekho ithuba lokufumana inzuzo kwiimveliso ezintsha
Umfanekiso 1: Intsingiselo yamaxabiso kunye nomahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwe-zinc, i-aluminium, i-magnesium, kunye ne-zinc plating eShanghai (iyunithi: yuan/ton)
Ukususela nge-7 kaDisemba, i-Mysteel's mainstream specification 2.0mm Ansteel zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coil kwimarike yaseShanghai inexabiso le-5500 yuan/ton, ngelixa i-mainstream galvanized product 1.0mm Ansteel galvanized sheet coil inexabiso le-4700 yuan/ton, kwaye umahluko wexabiso phakathi kwe-zinc aluminum magnesium sheet coil kunye ne-galvanized sheet coil yi-800 yuan/ton. Ngokwendlela yokubala umaleko we-zinc kunye ne-specification markup kwisityalo sentsimbi, i-zinc aluminum magnesium plate coil yi-275g zinc layer, kwaye i-markup yomaleko we-zinc kwisityalo sentsimbi imalunga ne-300 yuan/ton. Ngokusekelwe kolu balo, nakwiimveliso ezinobukhulu obufanayo be-zinc layer, ixabiso le-zinc aluminum magnesium liphezulu kakhulu kunele-galvanized sheet coils, nto leyo ebonisa ngokungangqalanga ukuba kusekho ithuba elithile lenzuzo kwiimveliso ze-zinc aluminum magnesium, nokuba kukwimbono yabarhwebi okanye kwiifektri zentsimbi. Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngoJulayi, umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwe-zinc aluminum magnesium kunye ne-galvanized sheet coil wakha wanyuka waya kwi-1350 yuan/ton, waza wahlala ngaphakathi kwe-1000 yuan/ton, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho ukhuphiswano kwimarike ye-zinc aluminum magnesium yangoku. Umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwe-Tianjin zinc aluminum magnesium kunye ne-galvanized sheet ngumzekelo omhle, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
Kwimarike yabathengi be-photovoltaic, ukongeza kwimarike yaseMpuma China, kukwakho nemarike edibeneyo, eyiTianjin, egxile kakhulu eDaqiuzhuang. Le ndawo yemveliso edibeneyo yeebrakethi ze-photovoltaic nayo ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiifektri ezininzi zentsimbi. Okwangoku, kwimarike yaseTianjin, izixhobo eziphambili zefektri zentsimbi ezijikelezayo ziquka iifektri zentsimbi zikarhulumente iShougang, i-Ansteel, iTangshan Steel, kunye neHandan Steel; iifektri zentsimbi zabucala ezifana neHebei Zhaojian, iTianjin Xinyu, iShandong Huafeng, njl. Ngokwembono yokuthelekiswa komahluko wamaxabiso, umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kweTianjin zinc aluminium magnesium kunye ne-zinc plating uphantsi kakhulu kunalowo ukwimarike yaseShanghai. Ukuze kuthathwe isabelo semarike, iifektri zentsimbi nazo zihlengahlengise imigaqo-nkqubo yazo ngokufanelekileyo.
03 Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini le-photovoltaic kwimeko yokunciphisa amandla amatsha kunye nemeko-bume yokunciphisa ikhabhoni
Ishishini elisezantsi leshishini lokugquma lasekhaya libonisa umkhwa wokwahluka, kwaye inqanaba lokukhula okushushu kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeemoto nezindlu sele lidlulile, kodwa amandla amatsha ayakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngomhla wama-21 kweyeNkanga, iNkomfa edibeneyo yoLwazi lweMarike yeeMoto zabaPhathi yeSizwe ikhuphe ingxelo malunga nomkhwa wemarike yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla zaseTshayina: Imveliso yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla zaseTshayina ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha yayiyiyunithi ezizigidi ezi-5.59, ukunyuka konyaka nge-108.4%, kunye nezinga lokungena eliqokelelweyo le-24.7% kunye nezinga lokufaka elingaphezulu kwe-80% ekukhuleni kwemarike yeemoto. Ngokufanayo, kwimeko yelizwe ekhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo iZiseko eziNtsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kweshishini le-magnesium le-zinc aluminium inendawo yokukhula kwesigaba kunye namandla aqhumayo.
Ishishini laseTshayina le-photovoltaic lifikelele kumanqanaba aphambili kwihlabathi liphela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ukusukela ngo-2022, phantsi koxinzelelo lokuqhambuka rhoqo kwe-COVID-19 kunye nokudodobala koqoqosho, isantya sophuhliso siphela seshishini le-photovoltaic sihlale sizinzile. Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2022, imveliso yaseTshayina ye-polycrystalline silicon, ii-silicon wafers, iibhetri, kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu, kwaye imveliso yamakhonkco ahlukeneyo kuthotho lwemizi-mveliso ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lembali. Itekhnoloji yemizi-mveliso iyaqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kweeseli zelanga ze-silicon heterojunction kubeke irekhodi elitsha lehlabathi le-26.81%. Kukwakho neenkqubela ezintsha ezenziweyo kuphando nophuhliso kunye novavanyo lovavanyo lweeseli ezifakwe kwi-perovskite, kwaye imodeli "ye-photovoltaic+" nayo iyanda rhoqo. Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala, amandla amatsha e-photovoltaics asekhaya afikelele kwi-52.6GW. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha, ixabiso lilonke le-photovoltaics e-China lidlule kwi-44 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, nto leyo exhasa ngamandla imfuno ekhulayo yeemarike ze-photovoltaics zasekhaya nezangaphandle.
Uhlalutyo lwamathemba ophuhliso lweZinc Aluminium Magnesium Sheet and Roll
01 Ukuphucula rhoqo imigangatho yemveliso kwiinkalo zezicelo zoshishino
Ngokuchasene nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamandla emveliso yokugquma iyonke, kusekho imeko yomthamo ophezulu wemveliso yokugquma enesantya esiphantsi sokusetyenziswa. Amashishini aya kuqhubeka nokwandisa iindlela zokuthengisa kwimarike kwaye andise isabelo semarike. Ukwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-laminates ezigqumayo ngokwazo, kuyaqondakala, kodwa kukhuphiswano oluqhubekayo lweshishini, kukho inqanaba elithile lokutshintsha phakathi koluhlu olubanzi lwe-laminates ezigqumayo kunye nee-rolls.
Kwicandelo lemveliso ye-aluminium magnesium eyenziwe nge-galvanized, ngenxa yokungabikho kwemigangatho yemveliso okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini amakhulu karhulumente eTshayina akhokele ekuqulunqweni kwemigangatho efanelekileyo. Ukuze kumiselwe uphuhliso kunye nemveliso ye-zinc aluminium magnesium, imveliso entsha, ngendlela esempilweni, ingcali eyaziwayo uNjingalwazi uXu Xiufei waseChina Metallurgical Corporation (MCC), ngenkxaso kunye noncedo lweKomiti yeSizwe yeMigangatho yeNtsimbi, iququzelele amashishini amahle kakhulu okugquma kulo lonke ilizwe ukuze kuhlaziywe umgangatho weshishini we-"Continuous Hot Dip Coated Steel Plate and Strip for Construction". Okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, zonke izinto zokugquma, kuquka iindidi ezintathu eziphambili ze-zinc aluminium magnesium, zafakwa kumgangatho ofanayo, ongelula nje ukuba abathengi bawuthelekise kwaye bawusebenzise, kodwa unokukhuthaza nokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto kunye neemveliso zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezingabizi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokhuphiswano lweemveliso ze-zinc aluminum magnesium zamashishini asekhaya, umkhwa wokungenisa iimveliso ze-zinc aluminum magnesium ezivela kwamanye amazwe utshintshile, kwaye inani elikhulu leemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zithunyelwe kumazwe aphambili afana neYurophu neMelika. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, akuthintelanga kuphela urhwebo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso zentsimbi ye-zinc aluminum magnesium, kodwa kubangele nemiqobo yobuchwephesha kushishino. Ke ngoko, ukuzama ukuthetha ngamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokwenza imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kube yindlela enkulu yokuba iimveliso zaseTshayina zifikelele kwihlabathi liphela. Kulindeleke ukuba ukukhuthazwa kweprojekthi yemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yeeshiti ze-zinc aluminum magnesium kuya kuvula imeko entsha kwiinkampani zaseTshayina ezigqunywe nge-coated sheet ukuba zikhuphisane kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.
02 Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwemveliso lusafanele ukujongwa phambili
Uxinzelelo olujongene neshishini leeshiti ezigqunywe ngemisonto kunye neekhoyili alunakulinganiswa. Umthamo ogqithisileyo usemkhulu, kwaye iziko lamaxabiso lisacotha. Izinga lokukhula kwemveliso yemizi-mveliso yasekhaya efana nezixhobo zasekhaya kunye neemoto liza kuqhubeka licotha, okwenza kube nzima ukwandisa imfuno. Ukongeza, inzuzo yeshishini leeshiti zesinyithi, kuquka neemveliso ezigqunywe ngemisonto, iyaqhubeka nokuhla, kwaye uhlengahlengiso lwangaphakathi lwesakhiwo luya kuqhubeka nokwandisa utshintsho lweshishini.
Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso ze-magnesium ze-aluminium ezigayiweyo zinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yemveliso kunye neempawu zokusetyenziswa ezisekelwe kwiimveliso zokugquma, kwaye umda wobugcisa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe usephezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiiprojekthi eziphambili kunye namashishini abathengi asezantsi kusakhula, kwaye iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwayo zisakhula. Amathuba ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo asafanele ukujongwa phambili. Ukuba umntu unokujoyina uluhlu olumhlophe lwamashishini okuthenga, uya kuba nethuba elikhethekileyo kolu khuphiswano.
Ukhuphiswano lwangoku lwemarike ye-aluminium zinc aluminium magnesium ephantsi luye lwanda kancinci kancinci, kwaye amashishini amaninzi ajoyina kwimveliso nakwintengiso yeemveliso ze-zinc aluminium magnesium ukuze babelane ngenzuzo yemveliso. Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zabathengi kunye neendlela zophuhliso lweshishini, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekwe phambili ukubekwa kweemveliso ze-aluminium magnesium ezigqunywe nge-galvanized kwicala le-magnesium (eliphakathi) le-aluminium zinc aluminium. Imarike eqaqambileyo kunye nenzuzo enkulu yeshishini yile nto kanye wonke umntu ayilindeleyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-04-2023
