Kusiyana pakati pa kugwedezeka kotentha ndi kugwedezeka kozizira makamaka ndi kutentha kwa njira yozungulira. "Kuzizira" kumatanthauza kutentha kwabwinobwino, ndipo "kutentha" kumatanthauza kutentha kwakukulu. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a zitsulo, malire pakati pa kugwedezeka kozizira ndi kugwedezeka kotentha ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa recrystallization. Ndiko kuti, kugwedezeka pansi pa kutentha kwa recrystallization ndi kugwedezeka kozizira, ndipo kugwedezeka pamwamba pa kutentha kwa recrystallization ndi kugwedezeka kotentha. Kutentha kwa recrystallization kwa chitsulo ndi 450-600 ℃.
Zotsatirazi ndi chidule cha mayankho a mafunso okhudza [Kusiyana pakati pa hot rolling ndi cold rolling]:
Kusiyana pakati pa kuzizira kozungulira ndi kuzizira kozungulira makamaka ndi kutentha kwa njira yozungulira. "Kuzizira" kumatanthauza kutentha kwabwinobwino, ndipo "kutentha" kumatanthauza kutentha kwakukulu. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a zitsulo, malire pakati pa kuzizira kozungulira ndi kuzizira kozungulira ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi kutentha kobwezeretsanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuzizira kozungulira pansi pa kutentha kobwezeretsanso ndikozizira kozungulira, ndipo kuzizira pamwamba pa kutentha kobwezeretsanso ndikotentha kozungulira. Kutentha kobwezeretsanso kwa chitsulo ndi 450-600 ℃
Kugubuduza kotentha ndi kuzizira ndi njira zopangira mbale zachitsulo kapena ma profiles, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a chitsulo. Kugubuduza kwa chitsulo makamaka kumakhala kotentha, ndipo kuzizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chaching'ono ndi mbale yopyapyala. Ma ingot kapena ma billets ndi ovuta kusinthasintha ndikuwakonza kutentha kwa chipinda. Nthawi zambiri, amatenthedwa kufika pa 1100-1250 ℃ kuti agubuduze. Njira yogubuduza iyi imatchedwa kuzizira. Kutentha komaliza kwa kuzizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala 800-900 ℃, kenako nthawi zambiri kumazizira mumlengalenga, kotero mkhalidwe wotentha wogubuduza ndi wofanana ndi kuchira bwino. Zitsulo zambiri zimagubuduza ndi kuzizira. Kuzizira kumatanthauza njira yodubuduza yotulutsa chitsulo ndikusintha mawonekedwe achitsulo ndi kupanikizika kwa mipukutu kutentha kwa chipinda. Ngakhale njira yokonza imapangitsanso mbale yachitsulo kutentha, imatchedwanso kuzizira.
Chikalatachi chikufotokoza za momwe zinthu zimachitikira pakupanga zinthu zamphamvu komanso zosagwedezeka ndi nyengo, zitsulo zozizira zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chozungulira, cha sikweya, chamakona anayi kapena cha elliptical komanso chozizira popanda kutentha kwina kupatula kutentha kwa chingwe chosungunula. CHIDZIWITSO 1 Zofunikira pa kulekerera, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zigawo zikupezeka mu EN 10219 2. CHIDZIWITSO 2 Chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito chikuperekedwa ku mfundo yakuti ngakhale kuti magiredi opangidwa ndi ozizira m'chikalatachi akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi magiredi otentha mu EN 10210 3, mawonekedwe a magawo a sikweya ndi amakona anayi m'chikalatacho si ofanana. CHIDZIWITSO 3 Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magiredi achitsulo yafotokozedwa m'chikalatachi ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha mtundu woyenera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi momwe akugwirira ntchito. Magiredi ndi makhalidwe a makina, koma osati momwe zinthu zilili kumapeto kwa gawo lozizira lopangidwa ndi mabowo nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi omwe ali mu EN 10025 3, EN 10025 4, EN 10025 5, EN 10025 6, EN 10149 2 ndi EN 10149 3.
EN 10210-3-2020
Zitsulo zotentha zomalizidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo- Gawo 3: Mikhalidwe yoperekera zaukadaulo ya zitsulo zolimba komanso zosagwirizana ndi nyengo
Chikalatachi chikufotokoza momwe zinthu zimachitikira paukadaulo kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zosatentha, zopindika, zamagetsi zolumikizidwa ndi zozungulira, zopindika, zozungulira kapena zozungulira, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, amakona anayi, kapena ozungulira. Chimagwira ntchito ku zigawo zopanda kanthu zomwe zimapangidwa zotentha, zokhala ndi kutentha kapena zopanda kutentha, kapena zopangidwa zozizira zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi kutentha kopitilira 580 °C kuti zipeze mawonekedwe ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka mu chinthu chotentha. CHIDZIWITSO 1 Zofunikira pakulekerera, miyeso ndi mawonekedwe a zigawo zafotokozedwa mu EN 10210-2. CHIDZIWITSO 2 Chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito chikukhudzidwa ndi mfundo yakuti ngakhale magiredi ozizira mu EN 10219-3 akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi magiredi otentha mu chikalatachi, mawonekedwe a magawo a magawo apakati ndi amakona anayi mu EN 10210-2 ndi EN 10219-2 si ofanana. CHIDZIWITSO 3 Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magiredi azinthu yafotokozedwa mu chikalatachi ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha mtundu woyenera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi momwe akugwirira ntchito. Magiredi ndi mawonekedwe a makina a zigawo zopanda kanthu zomwe zamalizidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zili mu EN 10025-4, EN 10025-5 ndi EN 10025-6. CHIDZIWITSO 4 Zofunikira pa zigawo zopanda kanthu komanso zolumikizidwa zachitsulo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba zakunja kwa nyanja zafotokozedwa mu mndandanda wa EN 10225. CHIDZIWITSO 5 Zigawo zopanda kanthu zomwe zolumikizidwa ndi Spiral zikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumakhudzana ndi machitidwe osinthasintha (kutopa) chifukwa, mpaka pano, palibe deta yokwanira yokhudza magwiridwe antchito awo.
Yambitsani kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chubu chozungulira chopangidwa ndi ozizira
M'nyumba zamafakitale ndi za boma ku China, konkriti yolimba yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri
Kuzungulira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuipitsa kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi kupambana kwa hot rolledMzere wa Hzinthu za Ma Steel ndi Lai Steel
Malinga ndi chiyambi cha msika, kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka zitsulo m'makampani omanga kwakhala kukukula. Nyumba zosiyanasiyana zoyesera kapangidwe ka zitsulo, nyumba zachitsanzo ndi nyumba zodziwika bwino zayambitsidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Miyezo ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe ndi zomangamanga zayambanso kulowa mu gawo la kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Makampani opanga kapangidwe ka zitsulo ku China apita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Komabe, pakadali pano, nyumba zomangira zitsulo ku China zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa chitsulo chopindidwa chotentha chooneka ngati H ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zopindidwa. Mphamvu ya chitsulo chopindidwa chooneka ngati H ku China yafika matani 3 miliyoni, ndipo kutulutsa kwa chitsulo chopindidwa chooneka ngati H ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndi matani mazana angapo zikwi. Kutulutsa kwa mapaipi opindidwa ku China ndi matani opitilira 7 miliyoni pachaka, omwe amatuluka kuchokera kumapaipi ozungulira ndi amakona anayi opangidwa ndi ozizirandipo nyumba zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi kuzizira zomangira nyumba zachitsulo ndi zochepera 5% ya ndalama zonse zomwe chitsulo zopangidwa ndi kuzizira chimatulutsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo zopangidwa ndi kuzizira m'nyumba zachitsulo zamafakitale ndi zapakhomo ku China kuli pachiyambi. Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi kuzizira chopangidwa ndi sikweya ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi chayamba kumene kusintha chitsulo chofanana ndi H chotenthedwa ngati mzati wa kapangidwe ka chitsulo. Zitsulo zina zopangidwa ndi kuzizira sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani omanga.
gawo lachitsulo la Yuantai lopanda kanthu la crane,gawo lopanda dzenje la yuantai,gawo la dzenje la yuantai
Pakadali pano, Unduna wa Zomangamanga wamanga nyumba zina zoyesera kapangidwe ka zitsulo m'nyumba zamafakitale ndi za boma, monga
Nyumba ziwiri zowonetsera kapangidwe ka zitsulo za Unduna wa Zomangamanga zinamangidwa ku Tianjin mu 2002. Mapaipi achitsulo anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi.
Chitsulo chachitsulo cha konkire cholimba chachitsulo cholimba cha chubu cha konkire cholimbikitsidwa (SRC), malo onse a polojekitiyi
8000m2, thupi lalikulu lili ndi zipinda khumi ndi chimodzi, mzati umodzi wapangidwa ndi chitoliro chozungulira, ndipo mzati wina wapangidwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira.
350x350mm, makulidwe amasiyana malinga ndi pansi, pomwe pansi 1-3 ndi 16mm, 4~
14mm ya chipinda chachisanu ndi chimodzi, 12mm ya chipinda chachisanu ndi chiwiri mpaka chachisanu ndi chinayi, 10mm ya chipinda chachisanu mpaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo imathiridwa mu chitoliro chachitsulo.
Konkireti ya C40.
Mtandawu wapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha I-beam cholumikizidwa ndi 350x200x10x18mm, ndi slab ya pansi.
Ndi slab yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosakanikirana yomwe imalimbikitsidwa ndi nthiti zozungulira zolimba kwambiri. Panthawiyo, palibe wopanga ku China amene anapanga machubu a sikweya okhala ndi mainchesi akulu chonchi, kotero machubu achitsulo a sikweya anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchitoyi, omwe anali ma plate welded columns anayi a BOX.
Pulojekiti yowonetsera nyumba zomangidwa ndi zitsulo ya Unduna wa Zomangamanga wa Tianjin Yuantai Derun Steel Pipe Manufacturing Group Co., Ltd. ikupereka mfundo ziwiri kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chozizira (makamaka chubu chamakona anayi) m'nyumba zomangidwa ndi zitsulo:
Choyamba, malo ogulitsira machubu akuluakulu ozungulira ozizira ndi akulu, ndipo chiwerengero choyenera cha pansi pa nyumba yachitsulo ndi
Ndi zipinda 10-18, nyumba zoterezi zokhala ndi mipanda yapakati ndi yayitali zilinso ndi zofunikira zina pakupanga machubu amakona anayi ozizira.
Chachiwiri, mapaipi achitsulo ozungulira ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu kuposa mapaipi achitsulo ozungulira pazifukwa zitatu:
Choyamba, mapaipi ozungulira okhala ndi kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake ofanana ali ndi mphamvu yabwino yoperekera katundu komanso magwiridwe antchito a chivomerezi.
Zabwino. Malinga ndi mayeso omwe adachitika ndi yunivesite ku Tianjin pa chubu cha masikweya awiri chokhala ndi zipinda zitatu ndi chubu chozungulira cha konkire chimango cha konkire
Utali wa mbali ya chitoliro ndi 150mm, ndipo m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro chozungulira ndi 150mm. Zotsatira za mayeso zikusonyeza kuti choyambacho chimalimbana ndi mphamvu yochokera mbali imodzi kupita mbali ina.
Kulemera kwa katundu ndi mphamvu yokwanira yonyamula katundu ndi 80% kuposa yomalizayi, ndipo chiŵerengero cha magwiridwe antchito a seismic chili pafupifupi kawiri kuposa yomalizayi;
Chachiwiri, kumanga mapaipi a sikweya ndi kosavuta. Mzati wa konkriti wa nyumba yachitsulo uyenera kukhala wokulirapo
Pamapangidwe, gawo lozungulira limasinthidwa kukhala gawo la sikweya;
Chachitatu, n'zovuta kuthana ndi kulumikizana pakati pa zipilala zozungulira za konkire ndi matabwa. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo chamtsogolo ku China
Mumsika, machubu ozungulira ndi amakona anayi opangidwa ndi zinthu zozizira adzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri.
Kusamalira kutentha pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo kungathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa kutopa kwa ntchito ya chinthucho. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo woyambirira wokonza theka la axle yagalimoto yopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi njira yosamalira kutentha wamba, ndipo nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito yawonjezeka pafupifupi nthawi 20 mwa kusintha kuchoka pa kutentha pamwamba kupita ku kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamalira kutentha pamwamba kumachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa malo opanda kanthu a ziwalo. Cholinga cha kusamalira kutentha pamwamba ndikukonza bwino mawonekedwe a zinthu. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a zonse ziwiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-21-2022
