Ityhubhu yesikwere VS ityhubhu yoxande, yeyiphi imilo ehlala ixesha elide?
Umahluko wokusebenza phakathiityhubhu engunxandekwayeityhubhu yesikwerekwizicelo zobunjineli kufuneka zihlalutywe ngokupheleleyo kwiimbono ezininzi zoomatshini ezifana namandla, ukuqina, uzinzo, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala.
1. Amandla (ukugoba kunye nokumelana nokugoba)
Amandla okugoba:
Ityhubhu engunxande: Xa iphantsi komthwalo ogobileyo kwicala elide (uhlangothi lokuphakama), ixesha lokungashukumi kwecandelo likhulu, kwaye ukumelana nokugoba kungcono kakhulu kunokwetyhubhu yesikwere.
Umzekelo, amandla okugoba etyhubhu engxande eyi-100×50mm kwicala elide angaphezulu kunalawo etyhubhu yesikwere eyi-75×75mm.
Ityhubhu yesikwere: Ixesha lokungashukumi liyafana kuzo zonke iindlela, kwaye ukusebenza kokugoba kuyafana, kodwa ixabiso layo lidla ngokuba lincinci kunelo lecala elide letyhubhu engunxande phantsi kwendawo efanayo enqamlezileyo.
Isiphelo: Ukuba icala lomthwalo licacile (njengokwakhiwa komqadi), ityhubhu engunxande ingcono; ukuba icala lomthwalo liyaguquguquka, ityhubhu yesikwere ilungelelene ngakumbi.
Amandla okujika:
I-torsion constant yetyhubhu yesikwere iphezulu, usasazo loxinzelelo lwe-torsion lufana ngakumbi, kwaye ukumelana ne-torsion kungcono kunokwetyhubhu yesikwere engunxande. Umzekelo, ukumelana ne-torsion yetyhubhu yesikwere engu-75×75mm kunamandla kakhulu kunokwetyhubhu yesikwere engunxande engu-100×50mm.
Isiphelo: Xa umthwalo we-torsional unamandla (njengomngxuma wokudlulisa), iityhubhu zesikwere zingcono.
2. Ukuqina (amandla okulwa nokuguquka)
Ukuqina kokugoba:
Ukuqina kuhambelana nexesha lokungakhathali. Iityhubhu eziziingxande zinokuqina okuphezulu kwicala elide, nto leyo efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezifuna ukumelana nokuphambuka ngakwelinye icala (njengeebhari zebhulorho).
Iityhubhu zesikwere zinobunzima obulinganayo obumacala amabini kwaye zifanelekile kwimithwalo emininzi (njengeekholamu).
Isiphelo: Iimfuneko zokuqina zixhomekeke kwicala lomthwalo. Khetha iityhubhu eziziingxande zemithwalo ejikelezileyo; khetha iityhubhu ezisikwere zemithwalo ejikelezileyo.
3. Uzinzo (ukumelana nokugoba)
Ukubopha kwengingqi:
Iityhubhu eziziingxande zihlala zinomlinganiselo omkhulu wobubanzi ukuya kubukhulu, kwaye iindawo ezixineneyo zinokuba sengozini yokubhajwa kwindawo ethile, ingakumbi xa zixinzelelekile okanye zinqunyulwe.
Iityhubhu zesikwere zizinzile ngcono ngenxa yokuba zinomlinganiselo ofanayo.
Ukugoba ngokubanzi (ukugoba kuka-Euler):
Umthwalo we-buckling unxulumene nomlinganiselo omncinci we-gyration we-cross-section. Umlinganiselo we-gyration weetyhubhu zesikwere uyafana kuzo zonke iindlela, ngelixa umda we-gyration weetyhubhu eziziingxande kwicala elifutshane uncinci, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lula ukujijeka.
Isiphelo: Iityhubhu zesikwere zikhethwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezixinzelelweyo (ezifana neepillars); ukuba icala elide letyhubhu engxande lithintelwe, linokubuyiselwa ngoyilo.
4. Umthamo wokuthwala (imithwalo ye-axial kunye nedibeneyo)
Uxinzelelo lwe-Axial:
Umthamo wokuthwala unxulumene nendawo enqamlezileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wobuncinci. Phantsi kwendawo efanayo enqamlezileyo, iityhubhu zesikwere zinomthamo ophezulu wokuthwala ngenxa yokuba zinkulu kakhulu.
Umthwalo odibeneyo (ukucinezelwa kunye nokugoba okudibeneyo):
Iityhubhu eziziingxande zingasebenzisa uyilo olulungiselelweyo xa ulwalathiso lomzuzu wokugoba lucacile (njengomthwalo othe nkqo kwicala elide); iityhubhu zesikwere zifanelekile kwiingxande zokugoba eziya kwicala elibini.
5. Ezinye izinto
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto:
Iityhubhu eziziingxande zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zigcina izinto xa zigotywa kwicala elinye; iityhubhu ezisikwere zingabizi kakhulu xa zithwala imithwalo emacala amaninzi.
Unxibelelwano olulula:
Ngenxa yokulingana kweetyhubhu zesikwere, uqhagamshelo lwee-node (ezifana nokuwelda kunye neebholithi) zilula; iityhubhu eziziingxande kufuneka ziqwalasele icala.
Iimeko zesicelo:
Iityhubhu eziziingxande: iiplanga zokwakha, iingalo zekreyini, itshasi yesithuthi (ulwalathiso olucacileyo lomthwalo).
Iityhubhu zesikwere: iikholamu zokwakha, ii-trusses zesithuba, iifreyimu zoomatshini (imithwalo enamacala amaninzi).
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-28-2025
