Ishubhu eliyisikwele VS ishubhu elingunxande, yisiphi isimo esihlala isikhathi eside?
Umehluko wokusebenza phakathiipayipi elingunxandefuthiipayipi lesikweleekusetshenzisweni kobunjiniyela kudinga ukuhlaziywa ngokuphelele kusukela emibonweni eminingi yemishini njengamandla, ukuqina, ukuzinza, kanye nomthamo wokuthwala.
1. Amandla (ukumelana nokugoba kanye nokugoba)
Amandla okugoba:
Ishubhu elingunxande: Uma lifakwa umthwalo ogobile eceleni kohlangothi olude (uhlangothi lokuphakama), umzuzu wokungagxili kwesigaba mkhulu, futhi ukumelana kokugoba kungcono kakhulu kunoweshubhu eliyisikwele.
Isibonelo, amandla okugoba eshubhu elingunxande elingu-100×50mm ohlangothini olude aphakeme kunalawo eshubhu lesikwele elingu-75×75mm.
Ishubhu eliyisikwele: Isikhathi sokungagxili siyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi ukusebenza kokugoba kuyalingana, kodwa inani lalo livame ukuba lincane kunelesiqondiso eside seshubhu elingunxande ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo yesigaba.
Isiphetho: Uma isiqondiso somthwalo sicacile (njengesakhiwo se-beam), ithubhu elingunxande lingcono; uma isiqondiso somthwalo siguquguquka, ithubhu eliyisikwele lilinganisela kakhudlwana.
Amandla okugoba:
I-torsion constant yeshubhu lesikwele iphakeme, ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kwe-torsion kuyafana kakhulu, futhi ukumelana kwe-torsion kungcono kunokweshubhu elingunxande. Isibonelo, ukumelana kwe-torsion kweshubhu lesikwele elingu-75×75mm kunamandla kakhulu kunokweshubhu elingunxande elingu-100×50mm.
Isiphetho: Uma umthwalo wokugoba unamandla (njengomshafu wokudlulisa), amashubhu asikwele angcono.
2. Ukuqina (ikhono lokulwa nokuguqulwa)
Ukuqina kokugoba:
Ukuqina kuhambisana nesikhathi sokungakhathali. Amashubhu angunxande anokuqina okuphezulu ohlangothini olude, okufanelekela izimo ezidinga ukumelana nokuphambuka okuqondile (njengemisebe yamabhuloho).
Amashubhu ayisikwele anokuqina okulinganayo okuqondene nezinhlangothi ezimbili futhi afanelekela imithwalo eminingi eqondene nezinhlangothi eziningi (njengezinsika).
Isiphetho: Izidingo zokuqina zincike ekuqondeni komthwalo. Khetha amashubhu angunxande emithwalo eqondene; khetha amashubhu asikwele emithwalo eqondene.
3. Ukuqina (ukumelana nokugoba)
Ukubopha kwendawo:
Amashubhu angunxande ngokuvamile anesilinganiso esikhulu sobubanzi nobukhulu, kanti izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane zivame kakhulu ukugoba endaweni, ikakhulukazi lapho kucindezelwa noma kunqunywa imithwalo.
Amashubhu ayisikwele azinzile kangcono endaweni ngenxa yokuthi ahlanganisa izingxenye zawo ngokulinganayo.
Ukugoba okuphelele (ukugoba kuka-Euler):
Umthwalo wokubopha uhlobene nerediyasi encane yokugoba kwesigaba esiphambeneyo. Irediyasi yokugoba kwamashubhu asikwele iyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kuyilapho irediyasi yokugoba kwamashubhu angunxande ohlangothini olufushane incane, okwenza kube lula ukuthi agobe.
Isiphetho: Amashubhu asikwele ayathandwa amalungu acindezelayo (njengezinsika); uma uhlangothi olude lweshubhu elingunxande lulinganiselwe, lungakhokhelwa ngomklamo.
4. Umthamo wokuthwala (imithwalo ye-axial nehlanganisiwe)
Ukucindezelwa kwe-Axial:
Umthamo wokuthwala uhlobene nendawo enqamulayo kanye nesilinganiso sokuncipha. Ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo enqamulayo, amashubhu asikwele anamandla okuthwala aphezulu ngenxa yobubanzi bawo obukhulu bokujika.
Umthwalo ohlanganisiwe (ukucindezela okuhlangene nokugoba):
Amashubhu angunxande angasebenzisa ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu lapho isiqondiso sesikhathi sokugoba sicacile (njengomthwalo oqondile ohlangothini olude); amashubhu asikwele afaneleka izikhathi zokugoba eziqondene nezinhlangothi ezimbili.
5. Ezinye izinto
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto:
Amashubhu angunxande asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi agcina izinto zokwakha uma egoba ngendlela eyodwa; amashubhu asikwele ashibhile uma ethwala imithwalo ngezindlela eziningi.
Ukulula kokuxhumana:
Ngenxa yokulingana kwamashubhu asikwele, ukuxhumeka kwama-node (njengokushisela nama-bolts) kulula; amashubhu angunxande adinga ukucabangela ukuqondiswa.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza:
Amashubhu angunxande: imishayo yokwakha, izingalo ze-crane, i-chassis yemoto (isiqondiso somthwalo esicacile).
Amashubhu ayisikwele: amakholomu okwakha, ama-space trusses, ozimele bemishini (imithwalo eqondisa ngezindlela eziningi).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-28-2025
