Ishubhu yesikwele VS ishubhu elingunxande, yimuphi umumo ohlala isikhathi eside?
Umehluko wokusebenza phakathiithubhu elingunxandefuthiithubhu yesikweleezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela kumele zihlaziywe ngokuphelele kusuka emibonweni eminingi yemishini njengamandla, ukuqina, ukuzinza, namandla okuthwala.
1. Amandla (ukugoba nokumelana ne-torsion)
Amandla okugoba:
Ishubhu elingunxande: Uma lingaphansi komthwalo ogobayo ohlangothini olude (isiqondiso sobude), isikhathi se-inertia yesigaba sikhulu, futhi ukumelana nokugoba kungcono kakhulu kunokweshubhu yesikwele.
Isibonelo, amandla okugoba weshubhu elingunxande elingu-100×50mm ohlangothini olude aphakeme kunalawo weshubhu lesikwele esingu-75×75mm.
Ishubhu yesikwele: Umzuzu we-inertia uyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi ukusebenza kokugoba kuyalingana, kodwa inani lalo ngokuvamile lincane kunalelo lendlela yohlangothi olude lweshubhu elingunxande ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo ye-cross-sectional.
Isiphetho: Uma isiqondiso somthwalo sicacile (njengesakhiwo se-beam), ithubhu elingunxande lingcono; uma isiqondiso somthwalo siguquguquka, ithubhu yesikwele ilinganisela kakhulu.
Amandla e-Torsion:
I-torsion constant ye-square tube iphakeme, ukusabalalisa kokucindezeleka kwe-torsion kufana kakhulu, futhi ukumelana ne-torsion kungcono kunokweshubhu elingunxande. Isibonelo, ukumelana nokuqina kweshubhu lesikwele esingu-75×75mm kunamandla kakhulu kunokweshubhu elingunxande elingu-100×50mm.
Isiphetho: Uma umthwalo we-torsion ubusa (njenge-transmission shaft), amashubhu ayisikwele angcono.
2. Ukuqina (ikhono lokungaguquguquki)
Ukuqina kokugoba:
Ukuqina kuhambisana nesikhathi sokungazweli. Amashubhu angunxande anokuqina okuphezulu ohlangothini olude, olufanele izimo ezidinga ukumelana nokuchezuka okukodwa (okufana nemishayo yebhuloho).
Amashubhu ayisikwele anokuqina kwe-bidirectional symmetrical futhi afanele imithwalo ye-multidirectional (njengamakholomu).
Isiphetho: Izidingo zokuqina zincike endleleni yomthwalo. Khetha amashubhu angama-rectangular wemithwalo ye-unidirectional; khetha amashubhu ayisikwele ukuze ulayishe kabili.
3. Ukuzinza (ukumelana ne-buckling)
Ukubopha kwasendaweni:
Amashubhu angunxande ngokuvamile anesilinganiso esikhulu sobubanzi ukuya kobukhulu, futhi izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane zijwayele ukubophana endaweni, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokucindezelwa noma ukushear.
Amashubhu ayisikwele anokuqina okungcono kwendawo ngenxa yesiphambano sawo esilinganayo.
Ukubopha sekukonke (i-Euler buckling):
Umthwalo webhande uhlobene nerediyasi encane ye-gyration yesigaba esiphambene. I-radius ye-gyration yamashubhu ayisikwele iyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kuyilapho i-radius ye-gyration yamashubhu angama-rectangular ohlangothini olufushane oluya ohlangothini luncane, okuwenza athambekele kakhulu ekubambeni.
Isiphetho: Amashubhu ayisikwele akhethwa kumalungu acindezelayo (njengezinsika); uma uhlangothi olude lwe-tube elingunxande luvinjelwe, lunganxeshezelwa ngokuklama.
4. Umthamo wokuthwala (imithwalo ye-axial nehlanganisiwe)
Ukucindezela kwe-Axial:
Umthamo wokuthwala uhlobene nendawo ehlukene kanye nesilinganiso sobuncane. Ngaphansi kwendawo efanayo enezingxenye eziphambanayo, amashubhu ayisikwele anomthamo wokuthwala ophakeme ngenxa yobubanzi bawo obukhulu bokuphenduka.
Umthwalo ohlanganisiwe (ukucindezela okuhlanganisiwe nokugoba):
Amashubhu angunxande angathatha ithuba lesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe lapho isiqondiso sesikhathi sokugoba sicacile (njengomthwalo oqondile ohlangothini olude); amashubhu ayisikwele afanele izikhathi zokugoba ezimbili.
5. Ezinye izici
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto:
Amashubhu angama-Rectangular asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi alondoloza izinto uma egobe ngokunye; amashubhu ayisikwele ayonga kakhulu ngaphansi kwemithwalo eneziqondiso eziningi.
Ukuxhumana kalula:
Ngenxa yokulinganisa kwamashubhu ayisikwele, ukuxhumeka kwama-node (njenge-welding nama-bolts) kulula; amashubhu angama-rectangular adinga ukucabangela ukuqondiswa.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza:
Amashubhu angama-Rectangular: imishayo yokwakha, izingalo ze-crane, i-chassis yemoto (isiqondiso esicacile somthwalo).
Amashubhu ayisikwele: amakholomu wokwakha, ama-trusses emkhathi, amafreyimu emishini (imithwalo eneziqondiso eziningi).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-28-2025
