Ka hangaia he paipa tui-kore mā te wero i tētahi tokotoko maitai totoka, tata-rewa, e kiia nei ko te billet, ki tētahi mandrel hei hanga i tētahi paipa kāore he tuitui, he hononga rānei.
Ka hangaia ngā paipa kore hononga mā te wero i tētahi maitai totoka, kātahi ka hangaia hei ngongo tuwhera, kāore he hononga. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga ko te whakamahana i te maitai ki te pāmahana teitei, te wero ki te mandrel hei hanga i tētahi āhua tuwhera, kātahi ka hangaia anō mā te hurihuri me te totoro.
He paipa tuimotu ka hangaia mai i tētahi porotaka porotaka o te maitai wera. Ka whakamahanahia te porotaka ki te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka whakaurua he kōhao hei hanga i tētahi kōhao mā roto i te porotaka. Kātahi ka whakawhitia te porotaka ki ngā roera hei whakarite i te rahi o te porotaka ki te diameter me te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua. Ka taea e ētahi mira te hanga paipa tuimotu tae atu ki te 24-inihi te diameter. Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga hanga tuimotu mō ngā paipa diameter iti engari he nui ake te utu me te iti o te wātea, ā, i te piki haere o te diameter ka nui ake te ōhanga o ngā paipa kua whakarewaina.
Ngā āhuatanga rauemi me te tukanga hangahanga o ngā paipa tuimotu
Ko ngā paipa tuitui he mea hanga ki te konganuku, engari ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna mahi mā te pani i te pakitara o roto ki te paninga kirihou. Ka mau tonu te kaha o tēnei hanganga hiato ki te painga o ngā paipa konganuku, ā, he ātete ki te waikura pērā i ngā paipa kirihou. Heoi, ki te pakaru te paninga kirihou, ka raru tonu te waikura o te wāhanga konganuku kua kitea i muri i te pa atu ki te wai.
Ngā pūwāhi whakahaere matua i roto i te tukanga hangahanga
Te whakahinuhinu me te ārai i te pakaru: Me tu atu ngā paipa tui kore i te pēhanga tino teitei i te wā e hangaia ana, nō reira me pania te mata ki ngā whakahinuhinu pēhanga teitei hei ārai i te pakaru. Heoi, me tango katoa te whakahinuhinu i mua i te whakamahana i muri mai, ki te kore ka roa te noho o te wairewa waikura i roto i te paipa, ā, ka puta he tūponotanga waikura - he mea nui tēnei mō ngā paipa tui kore he pakitara angiangi.
Te matotoru o te pakitara me te pumau o te hanganga
Ngā āhuatanga miihini: Ko te kaha kume me te kaha tuku o te paipa e whakawhirinaki tika ana ki te matotoru o te pakitara. Ko te whakahekenga o te matotoru o te pakitara i puta mai i te waikura ka raru pea te hanganga.
Te mahi whakahaere wera: Ka pā hoki te matotoru o te pakitara ki te pumau o te kawe wera o te paipa. Mā ngā tukanga hanga kore tika ka piki ake te mōrearea o ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana, ngā āhuatanga pāmahana tiketike rānei, ā, ka arahi atu ki ngā aituā kino.
Ngā paipa tuitui
Ko ngā paipa kore hononga he mea hanga mai i te maitai totoka, arā, he pereti, he pae rānei, ka hangaia kia porowhita totoka (e kiia nei ko ngā "billet"), kātahi ka whakamahanahia, ka maka ki runga i te mata pērā i te tokotoko kua pokaia hei hanga i te ngongo, i te anga rānei. E mōhiotia ana tēnei momo paipa mō tōna ātete pai ake ki te pēhanga, te tere me te whai hua ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu tukanga hanga paipa. He mea whakamahi noa ngā paipa kore hononga i roto i ngā paipa hau māori me ngā paipa kawe wai.
I te mea ka taea e ngā paipa tuimotu te tu atu ki ngā pēhanga teitei, ka whakamahia whānuitia hoki i roto i ngā tono pēhanga teitei, tae atu ki ngā whare whakapai hinu, ngā rango waipēhi, ngā ahumahi hauwai, me ngā hanganga hinu me te hau.
Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu momo paipa, kāore e hiahiatia he whakarewa, he hononga rānei mō ngā paipa tuitui, ā, he mea hanga noa iho i ngā porowhita totoka, e whakarei ake ana i tō rātou kaha me ētahi atu āhuatanga, tae atu ki te ātete ki te waikura. E ai ki te American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ka taea e ēnei paipa te tu atu i te ahotea miihini he pai ake i ngā paipa tuitui (arā, ngā paipa kāore i te tuitui) ā, he nui ake hoki ngā pēhanga mahi.
Ko te tikanga whānui, ko te whakamahinga o ngā paipa tuitui e whakawhirinaki ana ki te matotoru o te pakitara. Ko ngā paipa pakitara matotoru me nui ake te pāmahana hei whakaputa, ka whakaiti i te ātete ki te hurihanga, ka nui ake te piko.
Ko te kaiwhakataetae matua o ngā paipa tuitui ko te paipa ERW (HFI) nā te mea he iti ake te utu hanga. Ko ngā painga matua o te paipa tuitui i runga i te paipa ERW ko: (a) kāore he hononga whakarewa, (b) tata rite te tohatoha o ngā āhuatanga rauemi, me (c) tino iti te ahotea toenga. I tētahi atu taha, he nui ake te utu o ngā paipa tuitui i te paipa ERW, kāore pea e ōrite te matotoru o te whakawhiti-wāhanga, ā, he tino taratara te nuinga o te wā o ngā mata o roto me o waho.
I roto i ngā paipa whakarewa, ka whakamahia te whakarewa hei kati i te hononga whakarewa i muri i te hanganga o te pereti maitai, te koiri rānei kia rite ki te āhua porotaka. Ka whakamahia e te wheketere ngā tikanga tirotiro ultrasonic me/ranei radiographic hei whakarite i te kounga o te hononga whakarewa, ā, ka whakamatautauria te pēhanga o ia hononga o te paipa ki te pēhanga e neke atu ana i te pēhanga mahi kua tohua. Ka whakarōpūtia ngā paipa whakarewa i runga i te āhua o te hanganga me te hangarau whakarewa i whakamahia.
Ka whakamahia he konganuku whakakī i roto i te tukanga whakarewa i roto i te paipa whakarewa āwhata (SAW), engari kāore e hiahiatia he konganuku whakakī mō te whakarewa ātete hiko/whakarewa hanumi hiko (ERW/EFW). Ka wehea anō te SAW ki te whakarewa roa (te whakarewa tika rānei, L-SAW), ā, ko te S-SAW e pā ana ki te paipa whakarewa porowhita. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te L-SAW whakarewa tika he hononga kotahi te rahi, ā, ko te L-SAW he hononga rua te rahi.
Ka hangaia ngā paipa ERW mā te whakamahi i te iahiko hiko hei whakamahana i te maitai kia tae ki te wāhi e honoa ai ngā taha. I whakaurua tēnei tukanga whakaputa i ngā tau 1920, mā te whakamahi i te iahiko whakawhiti auau-iti hei whakamahana i ngā taha, engari i kitea i muri mai he ngāwari ki te waikura whakarewa me te kore e tika ngā whakarewa. I ēnei rā, ka whakamahia te iahiko whakawhiti auau-tiketike, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakarewa whakapā. Ko te paipa EFW e pā ana ki tētahi tukanga e whakamahi ana i ngā hihi irahiko hei ārahi i te kaha nekeneke hei whakarewa i ngā wahi mahi hei hanga i te whakarewa.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-19-2025
