Umbhobho ongenamthungo wenziwa ngokugqobhoza intonga yentsimbi eqinileyo, ephantse yanyibilika, ebizwa ngokuba yi-billet, ene-mandrel ukuvelisa umbhobho ongenamthungo okanye amalungu.
Iipayipi ezingenamthungo zenziwa ngokugqobhoza i-billet yentsimbi eqinileyo uze uyibumbe ibe yityhubhu engenanto ngaphandle kokuyidibanisa. Le nkqubo idla ngokubandakanya ukufudumeza i-billet kubushushu obuphezulu, uyigqobhoze nge-mandrel ukuze wenze imo engenanto, uze uyibumbe ngakumbi ngokuyiqengqa nokuyolula.
Umbhobho ongenamthungo wenziwa ngebha yesangqa yentsimbi eshushu. Ibha ifudunyezwa ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye emva koko kufakwa iprobe ukuze kwenziwe umngxuma kwisangqa. Emva koko isilinda idluliselwa kwiirola ezilinganisa isilinda ukuya kububanzi obuchaziweyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga. Iifektri ezimbalwa zinokuvelisa umbhobho ongenamthungo ukuya kububanzi obuyi-24 intshi. Iindlela zokwenza ezingenamthungo zisetyenziselwa umbhobho omncinci kodwa uneendleko eziphezulu kunye nokufumaneka okulinganiselweyo, kwaye njengoko ububanzi bukhula, imibhobho edibeneyo ingabizi kakhulu.
Iimpawu zezinto kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa amanqaku aphambili emibhobho engenamthungo
Iipayipi ezingenamthungo zihlala zenziwe ngesinyithi, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kunokuphuculwa ngokugquma udonga lwangaphakathi ngeplastiki. Olu lwakhiwo oludibeneyo lugcina amandla aphezulu eepayipi zesinyithi kwaye lunokumelana nokugqwala njengeepayipi zeplastiki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iplastiki yonakele, inxalenye yesinyithi eveziweyo isenokubangela iingxaki zokugqwala emva kokudibana nolwelo.
Amanqaku olawulo aphambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa
Ukuthambisa kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeka: Imibhobho engenamthungo kufuneka imelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza, ngoko ke umphezulu kufuneka ugqunywe ngee-lubricants ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuthintela ukuqhekeka. Nangona kunjalo, i-lubricant kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe unyango lobushushu olulandelayo, kungenjalo i-solvent eseleyo enokuqhekeka inokubakho kumbhobho ixesha elide, ngaloo ndlela ibangela umngcipheko wokuqhekeka - oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimibhobho engenamthungo enodonga oluncinci.
Ubukhulu bodonga kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo
Iimpawu zoomatshini: Amandla okutsalwa kunye namandla okukhupha umbhobho axhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kubukhulu bodonga. Nakuphi na ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga okubangelwa kukugqwala kunokubangela ukonakala kwesakhiwo.
Ukusebenza kolawulo lobushushu: Ubukhulu bodonga buchaphazela nokuzinza kokuqhuba kobushushu bombhobho. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezingalunganga ziya kwandisa umngcipheko wokuguquguquka kobushushu okanye iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye zide zikhokelele kwiingozi ezinkulu.
Iipayipi ezingenamthungo
Iipayipi ezingenamthungo zithathwa kwintsimbi eqinileyo, oko kukuthi, iipleyiti okanye iibhari, ezenziwe zibe ziimo ezingqukuva eziqinileyo (ezibizwa ngokuba “ziibhilethi”), ezithi emva koko zifudunyezwe zize ziphoswe kwidayi efana nentonga eneembobo ukuze zenze ityhubhu okanye iqokobhe elingenanto. Olu hlobo lwepayipi lwaziwa ngokuxhathisa uxinzelelo ngempumelelo, ngokukhawuleza nangokungabizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza iipayipi. Iipayipi ezingenamthungo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiipayipi zegesi yendalo kunye neepayipi zothutho lolwelo.
Ekubeni imibhobho engenamthungo inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kuquka iindawo zokucocisa, ii-hydraulic cylinders, amashishini e-hydrocarbon, kunye neziseko zeoyile negesi.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zemibhobho, imibhobho engenamthungo ayifuni naluphi na uhlobo lwemibhobho okanye iijoyinti kwaye yenziwe nje ngeebhilethi eziqinileyo ezijikelezileyo, nto leyo eyomeleza amandla azo kunye nezinye iimpawu, kubandakanya nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngokutsho kwe-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), le mibhobho inokumelana noxinzelelo loomatshini ngempumelelo ngakumbi kunemibhobho edibeneyo (oko kukuthi, imibhobho engenamthungo) kwaye inoxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza.
Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho engenamthungo kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bodonga. Imibhobho yodonga etyebileyo ifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuze ivelise, nto leyo enciphisa ukumelana nokuguquguquka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphambukeni okukhulu.
Eyona nto ikhuphisana nayo kakhulu ipayipi engenamthungo yipayipi ye-ERW (HFI) ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi zokuvelisa. Iingenelo eziphambili zepayipi engenamthungo kunepayipi ye-ERW zezi: (a) akukho mthungo we-weld, (b) ukusasazwa phantse okufanayo kweempawu zezinto, kunye (c) uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu olushiyekileyo. Kwelinye icala, ipayipi engenamthungo ibiza kakhulu kunepayipi ye-ERW, ubukhulu bayo obunqamlezileyo busenokungalingani, kwaye ubuso bayo bangaphakathi nangaphandle budla ngokuba rhabaxa kakhulu.
Kwipayipi edibeneyo, ukuwelda kusetyenziswa ukuvala umthungo wokuwelda emva kokuba ipleyiti yentsimbi okanye ikhoyili yenziwe ibe yimilo yesilinda. Umzi-mveliso usebenzisa iindlela zokuhlola i-ultrasonic kunye/okanye i-radiographic ukuqinisekisa umgangatho womthungo wokuwelda, kwaye ilungu ngalinye lombhobho livavanywa uxinzelelo olungaphezulu koxinzelelo oluchaziweyo lokusebenza. Umthungo odibeneyo uhlelwa ngokwendlela owenziwe ngayo kunye netekhnoloji yokuwelda esetyenzisiweyo.
Umbhobho we-arc welded (SAW) ofakwe emanzini usebenzisa isinyithi sokuzalisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, ngelixa i-electric resistance welding/electric fusion welding (ERW/EFW) ingadingi isinyithi sokuzalisa. I-SAW yahlulwe ngakumbi yaba yi-longitudinal welding (okanye i-straight welding, i-L-SAW), kwaye i-S-SAW ibhekisa kumbhobho we-spiral welding. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-L-SAW enobubanzi obuphakathi i-straight-welded yi-single-seam kwaye i-L-SAW enobubanzi obukhulu i-double-seam.
Umbhobho we-ERW uveliswa ngokusebenzisa umbane ukufudumeza intsimbi ukuya kwinqanaba apho imiphetho ihlangana khona. Le nkqubo yemveliso yaqaliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1920, kusetyenziswa umbane ojikelezayo ophantsi ukufudumeza imiphetho, kodwa kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba uthambekele ekuwelding ukubola kunye nee-welds ezinganeleyo. Namhlanje, kusetyenziswa umbane ojikelezayo ojikelezayo ophezulu, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-contact welding. Umbhobho we-EFW ubhekisa kwinkqubo esebenzisa imisebe ye-electron ukukhokela amandla e-kinetic ukunyibilikisa izinto zokusebenza ukwenza i-weld.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-19-2025
