Chitoliro chopanda msoko chimapangidwa mwa kuboola ndodo yachitsulo yolimba, yofanana ndi yosungunuka, yotchedwa billet, yokhala ndi mandrel kuti ipange chitoliro chomwe chilibe mipata kapena malo olumikizirana.
Mapaipi opanda msoko amapangidwa poboola chipolopolo chachitsulo cholimba kenako nkuchipanga kukhala chubu chopanda kanthu popanda kulumikiza. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa chipolopolocho kutentha kwambiri, kuchiboola ndi mandrel kuti chipange mawonekedwe oboola, kenako nkuchipanganso mopitirira muyeso kudzera mukuzungulira ndi kutambasula.
Chitoliro chopanda msoko chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chipika chozungulira chachitsulo chotentha. Chipikacho chimatenthedwa kutentha kwambiri kenako chofufuzira chimayikidwa kuti chipange dzenje kudzera mu chipikacho. Kenako chipikacho chimasamutsidwira ku ma rollers omwe amakula silinda mpaka kukula kwa khoma ndi mainchesi osankhidwa. Mafakitale angapo amatha kupanga chitoliro chopanda msoko mpaka mainchesi 24. Njira zopangira zopanda msoko zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitoliro chaching'ono koma zimakhala ndi mtengo wokwera komanso kupezeka kochepa, ndipo pamene kukula kumawonjezeka, mapaipi olumikizidwa amakhala otsika mtengo.
Kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi njira zopangira mfundo zazikulu za mapaipi opanda msoko
Mapaipi opanda msoko nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo, koma magwiridwe antchito awo amatha kukonzedwa bwino popaka khoma lamkati ndi pulasitiki. Kapangidwe kameneka kamasunga mphamvu yayikulu ya mapaipi achitsulo ndipo kamalimbana ndi dzimbiri ngati mapaipi apulasitiki. Komabe, ngati pulasitiki yawonongeka, gawo lachitsulo lomwe lawonekera lingayambitse mavuto a dzimbiri pambuyo pokhudzana ndi madzi.
Mfundo zazikulu zowongolera pakupanga
Kupaka mafuta ndi kupewa ming'alu: Mapaipi opanda msoko amafunika kupirira kupanikizika kwakukulu panthawi yopanga, kotero pamwamba pake payenera kuphimbidwa ndi mafuta opaka mphamvu kwambiri kuti asasweke. Komabe, mafutawo ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu asanatenthedwe, apo ayi chosungunulira chotsaliracho chingakhalepo mu chitoliro kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi ya dzimbiri - izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapaipi opanda msoko okhala ndi makoma owonda.
Kukhuthala kwa khoma ndi kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake
Kapangidwe ka makina: Mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu yotulutsa chitoliro zimadalira mwachindunji makulidwe a khoma. Kuchepa kulikonse kwa makulidwe a khoma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha dzimbiri kungayambitse kulephera kwa kapangidwe kake.
Kayendetsedwe ka kutentha: Kukhuthala kwa khoma kumakhudzanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa chitoliro. Njira zosakwanira zopangira zinthu zidzawonjezera zoopsa za kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena kutentha kwambiri, komanso kungayambitse ngozi zazikulu.
Mapaipi opanda msoko
Mapaipi opanda msoko amachokera ku chitsulo cholimba, mwachitsanzo, mbale kapena mipiringidzo, yomwe imapangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ozungulira olimba (otchedwa "ma billets"), omwe kenako amatenthedwa ndikuponyedwa pa die monga ndodo yobowoka kuti apange chubu kapena chipolopolo chopanda kanthu. Mtundu uwu wa chitoliro umadziwika chifukwa cha kukana kwake kupanikizika bwino, mwachangu komanso mopanda mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira mapaipi. Mapaipi opanda msoko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi a gasi lachilengedwe komanso mapaipi oyendera madzi.
Popeza mapaipi opanda msoko amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pantchito zopanikizika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mafakitale oyeretsera, masilinda a hydraulic, mafakitale a hydrocarbon, ndi zomangamanga za mafuta ndi gasi.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mapaipi, mapaipi osalumikizana safuna kuwotcherera kapena kulumikizana kulikonse ndipo amangopangidwa kuchokera ku ma billet olimba ozungulira, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu zawo ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo kukana dzimbiri. Malinga ndi American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), mapaipi awa amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina bwino kuposa mapaipi olumikizidwa (monga mapaipi osalumikizana) ndipo amakhala ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu pantchito.
Kawirikawiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi opanda msoko kumadalira makulidwe a khoma. Mapaipi okhuthala a khoma amafuna kutentha kwambiri kuti apange, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa kusintha kwa masinthidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupotoka kwakukulu.
Mpikisano waukulu wa chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chitoliro cha ERW (HFI) chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika wopanga. Ubwino waukulu wa chitoliro chopanda msoko kuposa chitoliro cha ERW ndi: (a) palibe msoko wothira, (b) kufalikira kofanana kwa zinthu, ndi (c) kupsinjika kochepa kwambiri. Kumbali ina, chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chokwera mtengo kuposa chitoliro cha ERW, makulidwe awo opingasa sangakhale ofanana, ndipo malo awo amkati ndi akunja nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri.
Mu chitoliro cholumikizidwa, kuwotcherera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka msoko wolumikizira pambuyo poti mbale yachitsulo kapena cholumikizira chapangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Fakitale imagwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira za ultrasound ndi/kapena x-ray kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa msoko wolumikizira, ndipo cholumikizira chilichonse cha chitolirocho chimayesedwa kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu yopitilira mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yomwe yatchulidwa. Chitoliro cholumikizidwa chimagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi momwe chimapangidwira komanso ukadaulo wolumikizira womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi arc welded (SAW) choviikidwa m'madzi chimagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chodzaza panthawi yolumikizira, pomwe cholumikizira chamagetsi cholimbana ndi kusinthasintha/cholumikizira chamagetsi (ERW/EFW) sichifuna chitsulo chodzaza. SAW imagawidwanso kukhala longitudinal welding (kapena straight welding, L-SAW), ndipo S-SAW imatanthauza chitoliro cholumikizira chozungulira. Kawirikawiri, L-SAW yolumikizidwa molunjika yapakati imakhala ndi msoko umodzi ndipo L-SAW yayikulu imakhala ndi msoko wawiri.
Chitoliro cha ERW chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi kuti chitenthe chitsulo mpaka pomwe m'mphepete mwake zimalumikizana. Njira yopangirayi idayambitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1920, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yosinthira ya frequency yochepa kuti itenthe m'mphepete, koma pambuyo pake idapezeka kuti imatha kuwononga weld komanso ma weld osakwanira. Masiku ano, mphamvu yosinthira ya frequency yapamwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti contact welding. Chitoliro cha EFW chimatanthauza njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma electron beams kutsogolera mphamvu ya kinetic kuti isungunule zinthu zogwirira ntchito kuti zipange weld.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-19-2025
