Iityhubhu zesikwereluhlobo lwentsimbi esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nezakhiwo, oomatshini kunye nolwakhiwo. Ngexesha lokuveliswa kwayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela iinkqubo ezininzi kunye namakhonkco okulawula umgangatho. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho weetyhubhu zesikwere, amanyathelo okhuseleko kwinkqubo yemveliso abaluleke kakhulu. La manyathelo alandelayo ngamanyathelo okhuseleko aphambili okuvelisa iityhubhu zesikwere:
iityhubhu zesikwere nezingxande
1. Ukukhethwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezikrwada
Umgangatho wentsimbi: Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiityhubhu zesikwere yintsimbi egoqwe ngobushushu okanye intsimbi egoqwe ngobushushu. Intsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu ehlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe okanye imigangatho yeshishini kufuneka ikhethwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, amandla okutsalwa kunye namandla okuvelisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokungqongqo.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu: Akufanele kubekho ziphene ezibonakalayo kumphezulu wentsimbi, ezinje ngeemifantu, amaqamza, umhlwa, njl. Umgangatho womphezulu wezinto ezikrwada uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impembelelo yeenkqubo ezilandelayo ezifana nokuwelda kunye nokwaleka.
2. Inkqubo yokugoba ebandayo
Ulawulo lwerediyasi yokugoba: Ekuveliseni iityhubhu zesikwere, ukugoba okubandayo linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Umcu wentsimbi kufuneka ugotywe ube sisikwere okanye uxande olunqamlezileyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile lokwakha. Irediyasi yokugoba kufuneka ilawulwe ngexesha lokugoba ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguquka okugqithisileyo, okunokubangela imingxunya okanye ukuqhekeka eludongeni lwetyhubhu.
Ukuchaneka kokuqengqeleka: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqengqeleka, ukuchaneka kokuqengqeleka kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa uzinzo olulinganayo kunye nokuma okufanayo kwetyhubhu yesikwere. Ukuphambuka okugqithisileyo kunokwenza ityhubhu yesikwere kube nzima ukuyihlanganisa ekuqhubekeni kwayo, okanye ingakwazi nokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Umbhobho wecandelo elingenanto
3. Inkqubo kunye nolawulo lokuwelda
Ukukhetha indlela yokuwelda: Ukuwelda okuqhelekileyo okanye ukuwelda okuzisebenzela ngegesi okuzenzekelayo (i-MAG welding) kudla ngokusetyenziswa ekuveliseni iityhubhu zesikwere. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, ulawulo lobushushu bokuwelda kunye nomsinga wamandla lubalulekile. Ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu bunokubangela ukuba izinto zifudumale kakhulu, ziguquguquke okanye zitshise, ngelixa ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu bunokubangela ukuba ukuwelda kungahlaliseki.
Ulawulo lomgangatho wokuwelda: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, ububanzi, ubunzulu kunye nesantya sokuwelda kweweld kufuneka kulawulwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ijoyinti yokuwelda iqinile. Ukuwelda kwetyhubhu yesikwere emva kokuwelda kufuneka kuhlolwe. Iindlela zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray.
Ukukhululwa koxinzelelo lwe-welding: Uxinzelelo lwe-thermal luya kuvela ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ityhubhu yesikwere iguquguquke. Ke ngoko, unyango lobushushu okanye ukolula luyafuneka emva kwe-welding ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemilinganiselo yejometri yombhobho.
4. Ukulungisa nokulungisa izinto
Inkqubo yokulungisa: Ityhubhu yesikwere emva kokuwelda isenokugoba okanye ijijeke, ngoko ke kufuneka ilungiswe ngesixhobo sokulungisa. Inkqubo yokulungisa ifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwamandla okulungisa ukuze kuthintelwe ukugoba okanye ukuguquka kakhulu.
Ukuchaneka kokubumba: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungisa, i-engile, ukuthe tye kunye nokuthe tyaba komphetho wetyhubhu yesikwere kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zoyilo. Ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo kuya kuchaphazela amandla okuthwala umthwalo kunye nembonakalo yetyhubhu yesikwere.
5. Ulawulo lobukhulu bodonga kunye nobukhulu
Ukuchaneka kobukhulu: Ubude, ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwetyhubhu yesikwere kufuneka kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kobukhulu kunokuchaphazela ukuhlanganiswa okanye ukufakwa kwetyhubhu yesikwere. Ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ubukhulu kufuneka bulinganiswe kwaye buqinisekiswe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ityhubhu yesikwere iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
Ukufana kobukhulu bodonga: Ubukhulu bodonga lwetyhubhu yesikwere kufuneka bugcinwe bufana ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso. Ukuphambuka okukhulu kobukhulu bodonga kunokuchaphazela amandla kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wombhobho, ingakumbi kwizicelo zesakhiwo ezinemithwalo ephezulu. Uvavanyo lobukhulu bodonga ludla ngokufuneka ngaphambi kokuba uphume kumzi-mveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho.
6. Unyango lomphezulu kunye nokulwa nokugqwala
Ukucoca umphezulu: Emva kokuba ityhubhu yesikwere yenziwe, umphezulu wombhobho kufuneka ucocwe ukuze kususwe intsalela ye-welding slag, amabala eoyile, umhlwa, njl. Umphezulu ococekileyo uluncedo ekugqumeni okulandelayo kunye nonyango lokulwa nokugqwala.
Ukwaleka okuchasene nokugqwala: Ukuba ityhubhu yesikwere isetyenziswa ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo ezinzima, unyango oluchasene nokugqwala luyafuneka. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuntywila ngobushushu kunye nokutshiza ukwaleka okuchasene nokugqwala. Ukwaleka ngobushushu kunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukugqwala kwaye kwandise ubomi benkonzo yeetyhubhu zesikwere.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womphezulu: Emva kokuba unyango lomphezulu lugqityiwe, kufuneka kuhlolwe iziphene zomphezulu ezifana nemifantu, ukuqhekeka, umhlwa, njl.njl. Ukuba iziphene zivela kumphezulu, zinokuchaphazela inkangeleko nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
7. Unyango lobushushu kunye nokupholisa
Ukuqhoboshela: Kwezinye iintsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, ukuqhoboshela kunokufuneka ukunciphisa ubulukhuni bezinto, ukuphucula i-plasticity yazo, kunye nokuthintela ukwaphuka kombhobho ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bezinto.
Ulawulo lokuphola: Inkqubo yokuphola yetyhubhu yesikwere ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesantya sokuphola ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuguquguquka okubangelwa kukupholisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukupholisa okungalinganiyo.
8. Ukuhlolwa nokuvavanywa komgangatho
Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kunye nokunyamezela: Ubukhulu bangaphandle betyhubhu yesikwere kufuneka buhlolwe rhoqo ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba buyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, kubandakanya ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama, ubukhulu bodonga, njl.
Uvavanyo lweepropati zoomatshini: Iipropati zoomatshini zetyhubhu yesikwere zivavanywa ngovavanyo lokuxinana, uvavanyo lokugoba, njl.njl. ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla ayo, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kuyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni.
Ukufunyanwa kweziphene zomphezulu: Umphezulu wetyhubhu yesikwere kufuneka ungabi naziphene ezicacileyo ezifana nokuqhekeka, amaqamza, kunye nokuqhekeka. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okanye iindlela zokuvavanya nge-ultrasound zihlala zisetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho womphezulu wetyhubhu uyahlangabezana nemigangatho.
Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthuthwa
Iimfuneko zokupakishwa: Emva kokuveliswa, ityhubhu yesikwere kufuneka ipakishwe kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Iipakethe zeoyile ezilwa nomhlwa, iibhokisi okanye iipalethi zomthi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha.
Iimeko zothutho: Ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kuphephe ukungqubana okanye ukucinezelwa phakathi kwetyhubhu yesikwere nezinye izinto, kwaye kuphephe ukukrweleka, ukuguquka kunye nezinye iingxaki kumphezulu wetyhubhu. Kuphephe ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiindawo ezifumileyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqwala.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-06-2025
