Amashubhu ayisikweleziwuhlobo lwensimbi oluvame ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nezakhiwo, imishini kanye nokwakhiwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwayo, kubalulekile ukunaka izinqubo eziningi kanye nezixhumanisi zokulawula ikhwalithi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yamashubhu asikwele, izinyathelo zokuphepha enqubweni yokukhiqiza zibaluleke kakhulu. Nazi izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyinhloko zokukhiqizwa kwamashubhu asikwele:
amashubhu asikwele nangunxande
1. Ukukhethwa nokuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa
Ikhwalithi yensimbi: Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa zamashubhu ayisikwele yinsimbi yomugqa ogoqekile oshisayo noma insimbi yomugqa ogoqekile obandayo. Insimbi esezingeni eliphezulu ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke noma amazinga omkhakha kumele ikhethwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini kanye nokuguquguquka. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, amandla okudonsa kanye namandla okukhiqiza kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kudingeka kuhlolwe ngokucophelela.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuso: Akufanele kube namaphutha asobala ebusweni bomcu wensimbi, njengemifantu, amabhamuza, ukugqwala, njll. Ikhwalithi yobuso bezinto zokusetshenziswa ithinta ngqo umphumela wezinqubo ezilandelayo njengokushisela nokufaka.
2. Inqubo yokugoba ebandayo
Ukulawulwa kwerediyasi yokugoba: Ekukhiqizweni kwamashubhu asikwele, ukugoba okubandayo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Umugqa wensimbi kumele ugoqwe ube yisikwele noma unxande ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile yokwakha. Irediyasi yokugoba idinga ukulawulwa ngesikhathi sokugoba ukuze kugwenywe ukuguquguquka ngokweqile, okungase kubangele imifantu noma ukugoba odongeni lweshubhu.
Ukunemba kokugoqa: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa, ukunemba kokugoqa kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kobukhulu kanye nesimo esifanayo sethubhu lesikwele. Ukuphambuka ngokweqile kungenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa ithubhu lesikwele ekucutshungulweni okulandelayo, noma kungakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.
Ipayipi lesigaba elingenalutho
3. Inqubo nokulawula ukushisela
Ukukhetha indlela yokushisela: Ukushisela okuvamise kakhulu noma ukushisela okuzenzakalelayo kwegesi (i-MAG welding) kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamashubhu asikwele. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lokushisela kanye nogesi kubalulekile. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lingabangela ukuthi izinto zishise ngokweqile, ziguquguquke noma zishe, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lingabangela ukuthi ukushisela kungazinzile.
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ububanzi, ukujula kanye nesivinini sokushisela se-weld kufanele kulawulwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-weld joint iqinile. I-weld yepayipi lesikwele ngemva kokushisela idinga ukuhlolwa. Izindlela zokuhlola ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray.
Ukukhishwa kokucindezeleka kokushisela: Ukucindezeleka kokushisa kuzokhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, okungase kubangele kalula ukuthi ithubhu lesikwele liguquguquke. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokushisa noma ukuqondisa kuyadingeka ngemva kokushisela ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kobukhulu bejometri yepayipi.
4. Ukuqondisa nokubumba
Inqubo yokuqondisa: Ishubhu lesikwele ngemva kokushisela lingase ligobe noma liguquguquke, ngakho-ke kudingeka liqondiswe nge-straightener. Inqubo yokuqondisa idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwamandla okuqondisa ukuze kugwenywe ukugoba noma ukuguquka ngokweqile.
Ukunemba kokubumba: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqondisa, i-engeli, ukunemba kanye nokuba yisicaba komphetho weshubhu yesikwele kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomklamo. Ukuguquguquka ngokweqile kuzothinta amandla okuthwala umthwalo kanye nokubukeka kweshubhu yesikwele.
5. Ukulawula ubukhulu nobukhulu bodonga
Ukunemba kobukhulu: Ubude, ububanzi nokuphakama kweshubhu lesikwele kudinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kobukhulu kungathinta ukuhlanganiswa noma ukufakwa kweshubhu lesikwele. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, ubukhulu kufanele bulinganiswe futhi buqinisekiswe njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ishubhu lesikwele lihlangabezana nemininingwane yomklamo.
Ukufana kobukhulu bodonga: Ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi lesikwele kufanele lugcinwe lufana ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukuphambuka okukhulu kobukhulu bodonga kungathinta amandla kanye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wepayipi, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo esinemithwalo ephezulu. Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bodonga kuvame ukudingeka ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso.
6. Ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokulwa nokugqwala
Ukuhlanzwa kwendawo: Ngemva kokuba ipayipi lesikwele selikhiqizwe, indawo yombhobho idinga ukuhlanzwa ukuze kususwe i-slag yokushisela esele, amabala kawoyela, ukugqwala, njll. Indawo ehlanzekile iyasiza ekugqumeni okulandelayo kanye nokwelashwa kokulwa nokugqwala.
Ukugqoka okulwa nokugqwala: Uma ithubhu eliyisikwele lisetshenziswa ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezinzima, ukwelashwa okulwa nokugqwala kuyadingeka. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukugaya ngokushisa kanye nokufutha ukugqoka okulwa nokugqwala. Ukugqoka ngogesi kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukugqwala futhi kwandise impilo yenkonzo yamathubhu ayisikwele.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuso: Ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa kobuso sekuqediwe, kufanele kuhlolwe amaphutha obuso njengemifantu, amaqhubu, ukugqwala, njll.. Uma kuvela amaphutha ebusweni, kungathinta ukubukeka nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.
7. Ukwelashwa nokupholisa ngokushisa
Ukuhlanganisa: Kwezinye izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, ukuhlanganisa kungadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ubulukhuni bezinto, kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwazo, futhi kugwenywe ukuphuka kwepayipi ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bezinto.
Ukulawula ukupholisa: Inqubo yokupholisa yepayipi lesikwele idinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwesilinganiso sokupholisa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugxilisa ingqondo kwangaphakathi kanye nokuguquguquka okubangelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo noma ukupholisa okungalingani.
8. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlolwa
Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu nokubekezelelana: Ubukhulu bangaphandle bepayipi lesikwele budinga ukuhlolwa njalo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi buhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo, okuhlanganisa ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama, ukujiya kodonga, njll.
Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini: Izakhiwo zemishini zeshubhu lesikwele zihlolwa ngokuhlolwa kokuthamba, ukuhlolwa kokugoba, njll. ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ayo, ukuqina kanye nokuqina kwayo kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
Ukutholwa kwesici sobuso: Ubuso beshubhu lesikwele kufanele bungabi namaphutha asobala njengemifantu, amabhamuza, kanye nokuqhekeka. Izindlela zokuhlola ngokubona noma zokuhlola nge-ultrasound zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yobuso beshubhu ihlangabezana nezindinganiso.
Ukupakishwa kanye nokuthuthwa
Izidingo Zokupakisha: Ngemva kokukhiqizwa, ithubhu lesikwele idinga ukupakishwa kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Ukupakisha uwoyela omelene nokugqwala, amabhokisi noma amaphalethi okhuni kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukupakisha.
Izimo Zokuhamba: Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, gwema ukushayisana noma ukucindezelana phakathi kwepayipi lesikwele nezinye izinto, futhi ugweme ukuklwebheka, ukuguquka kanye nezinye izinkinga ebusweni bepayipi. Gwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinomswakama ngesikhathi sokuthutha ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-06-2025
